TIMELINE OF PSYCHOLOGICAL TESTING
2200 B.C.E
- testing begins in china; Emperor evaluates public officials every third year
1800 B.C.E.
- Babylonians develop astrology; interact with the gods and predict the future
- Greeks redefine; predict and describe personality
500 B.C.E
- Pythagoras; physiognomy to evaluate personality
400 B.C.E.
- Hippocrates; humorology for treatment of physical and mental illness
- Plato; find employment that is consistent with their abilities
Black bile - earth; cold & dry properties
melancholic - sensitive & enjoy artistic pursuits
Yellow bile - fire; dry & warm properties
choleric - enormous vitality & get angry quickly
Blood - air; moist & warm qualities
sanguine - confident, joyful, optimistic, expressive, and sociable
Phlegm - water; moist & cold qualities
phlegmatic - deep thinkers, fair, calm, willing to compromise, and hard workers
175 B.C.E.
- Claudius Galenus; brain is the seat of intellect
500 A.D.
- Middle Ages; faith and superstition and psychological testing are temporarily halted
1200 A.D.
- interest in individual differences emerges; trials for witchery and sorcery were common
1265 A.D.
- Thomas Aquinas; notion of a human capacity to think and reason
1550 A.D.
- Renaissance; rebirth in philosophy and an appreciation for science
1698 A.D.
- Juan Huarte; The Tyral of Wits - first book to propose a discipline of assessment
1770 A.D.
- cause of philosophy and sciences advances; Rene Descartes - proposes the mind-body question
1823 A.D.
- Journal of Phrenology - study of human abilities and talents
1869 A.D.
- Sir Francis Galton; study of heredity and genes w/c pioneered a statistical technique
1879 A.D.
- Leipzig, Germany - Wilhelm Wundt; first experimental psychology laboratory
- structuralism - relies on introspection whereby subjects try to describe their conscious experience of a stimulus
1895 A.D.
- American psychologist - James Mckeen Catell; launch the beginning of psychological testing
1900 A.D.
- Sigmund Freud; Interpretation of Dreams - influenced approaches to understanding personality for the next 50 years
