The culture and symbolism of Teotihuacán are rich and complex, reflecting its importance as a ceremonial, political and cultural center. The following are key aspects:
*Culture*
1. *Cosmology*: They believed in a hierarchical universe with multiple levels: sky, earth and underworld.
2. *Polytheistic religion*: They worshiped gods like Quetzalcoatl (wisdom), Tlaloc (rain), Xipe Tótec (fertility) and Coatlicue (earth).
3. *Rites and ceremonies*: Human sacrifices, agricultural rituals and ceremonies to honor the gods.
4. *Calendar*: They used the solar (365 days) and lunar (260 days) calendar.
5. *Art and crafts*: Sculptures, paintings, ceramics and textiles with religious and symbolic motifs.
6. *Music and dance*: Instruments such as drums, flutes and maracas accompanied rituals and celebrations.
7. *Trade*: Exchange of goods such as obsidian, cocoa, cotton and feathers.
*Symbolism*
1. *Pyramids*: They represented sacred mountains, connecting heaven and earth.
2. *Feathered Snake*: Symbol of Quetzalcoatl, associated with wisdom and renewal.
3. *Eagle*: It represented power and strength.
4. *Jaguar*: Associated with fertility and protection.
5. *Circle and square*: Symbols of unity and duality.
6. *Colors*: Red (life), blue (sky), green (nature) and black (death).
7. *Glyphs*: Used to record stories, rituals and genealogies.
*Traditions and customs*
1. *Human sacrifices*: Practiced to maintain cosmic balance.
2. * Initiation rites*: They marked the transition from childhood to adulthood.
3. *Marriage*: Sacred union between man and woman.
4. *Funeral*: Rituals to ensure the transition to the afterlife.
5. *Festivals*: Celebrations to honor the gods and mark astronomical events.
*Cultural legacy*
1. *Influence in Mesoamerica*: Teotihuacán influenced cultures such as the Aztecs, Mayans and Toltecs.
2. *Art and architecture*: Teotihuacan styles are found throughout Mesoamerica.
3. *Calendar*: The Teotihuacan calendar was used in various Mesoamerican cultures.
4. *Mythology*: Teotihuacan stories and legends have been transmitted through generations.
*Sources*
1. "Teotihuacán: Official Guide" (Secretariat of Culture of Mexico)
2. "The Teotihuacana Civilization" (René Millon)
3. "Teotihuacán" (UNESCO)
4. "Archaeology of Teotihuacan" (British Encyclopedia)
5. National Institute of Anthropology and History (INAH)
