The American Colonial Period

The Philippine-American War (INTRODUCTION)

On February 4, 1899, an American soldier, Private William Grayson, shot a Filipino soldier at the bridge of San Juan, Manila. The fatal shot was followed by an immediate U.S. offensive on the Filipino lines. This marked the beginning of the Philippine-American War, which lasted for three years until the establishment of the civilian colonial government of Governor-General William Howard Taft on July 4, 1902. The timing of the San Juan incident is suspect since it happened only two days before the U.S. Congress was scheduled to ratify the on February 6, 1899. Under the treaty, Spain officially ceded the Philippines, Guam, and Puerto Rico to the United States in exchange for $20 million. Since the U.S. Congress, like the American public, was evenly split between the anti-imperialists and pro-annexationists, the treaty was expected to experience rough sailing when submitted to the Chamber for ratification. The San Juan incident and the outbreak of the Philippine American War tilted sentiment in favor of acquiring the Philippines, and thus the treaty was ratified by the U.S. Congress.

http://opmanong.ssc.hawaii.edu/filipino/benevolent.htm

Introduction[edit]

The Philippine-American War, also called the Philippine Insurrection by the United States, was a war fought from 1899 to 1902 by forces of the First Philippine Republic (also called the Malolos Republic) under Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo (1898-1901) and Gen. Miguel Malvar (1901-1902) against the American forces under the command of Gen. Elwell Otis (1899-1900) and Gen. Arthur MacArthur (1900-1901). The immediate cause of the conflict was the fatal shooting of several Filipino soldiers over the San Juan Bridge by Pvt. William Grayson, an American soldier on February 4, 1899. It officially ended with the surrender of Gen. Miguel Malvar of the Philippine Republic in Batangas on April 16, 1902. However, there were generals who refused to recognize his order to surrender and sought to continue the war, considering themselves as spiritual heirs of the Katipunan. The most prominent of the latter group was led by Macario Sakay and his Republikang Tagalog. He was hanged for brigandage in 1907.

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The , also known as the Philippine War of Independence or the Philippine Insurrection (1899-1902), was an armed conflict between Filipino revolutionaries and the which arose from the struggle of the to gain independence following the Philippines being acquired by the United States from . This article lists significant events from before, during, and after that war, with links to other articles containing more detail.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Philippine-American_War

CASUALTIES, February 4, 1899 - July 4, 1902:

Filipinos : 20,000 soldiers killed in action; 200,000 civilians died

Americans : 4,390 dead (1,053 killed in action; 3,337 other deaths)

http://philippineamericanwar.webs.com/

Philippine-American War

The Philippine-American War was an armed military conflict between the and the nascent First Philippine Republic, fought between 1899 until at least 1902. The conflict arose from a Filipino political struggle against the U.S. occupation of the following the . It is also known as the Philippine Insurrection and was historically the name most commonly used in the United States. However, Filipinos and some American historians refer to these hostilities as the Philippine-American War, and, in 1999, the U.S. reclassified its references to use this term.