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Keyboards

Each key on a keyboard is a bite. That's how the computer can know what you mean when you are typing.

Numbers can be represented by having the first four digits be 0011. Then just take the number you are trying to type and convert it to a four bit binary numwbr.

For example the computer the number five as 00110101.

Capital letters start with 010. Lower case letters start with 011.

Then the last five bits are determined by having whatever letter you are trying to represent converted into its corrisponding base ten number.
(A=1 Z=26)

You take the corrisponding base ten number then convert that into a five digit binary number.

Then you attach the five bit to the right of the three bit.

For example if you want to type a capital J you would first have the three bits that say it's capital (010). Then figure out that J is the tenth letter in the alphabet. Ten in binary is 1010. To make it a five bit you add the extra 0 to the left to hold the place. So 01010. Attach that to the right of 010. 01001010 = J.

It's really a lot easier to do than to explain.
But that is how computers (well at least some computers because I don't think it is the same for all computer softwares).