Notice that when one of these "double vowels" is used the first consonant of the syllable is added on top of the horizontally aligned letter and to the left of the vertically aligned letter at the same time. For example:
쥐, 의, 와, 괴
When there is no horizontally aligned vowel, the first consonant simply goes to the left of the vertically aligned vowel. For example:
배, 네, 예
In addition, there are three more of these types of vowels, but they are much less common than the any of the letters already taught. Of course, you should know these letters, but worry more about the other letters first:
ㅙ = wae (the most common of the three, it is most commonly seen in the word 왜 – meaning "why").
ㅒ = yae (most commonly seen in the word "얘기하다" – meaning "to talk with").
ㅞ = we (probably the most uncommon letter in Korean. I know 8000 words in Korean, and this letter is only in 3 of the words that I know. Most commonly in the word 웨딩 – meaning "wedding").
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