So one can see, religious pronouncements strengthened this anti-woman sensibility and asserted the need for stricter control over women. According to Manu, no female - whether girl, young woman or old woman – was to be allowed independence of action. A woman was to be under her father’s control in childhood, her husband’s once married and her son’s when widowed. (Smith and Doniger, p. 147-8.) Nothing could be more damning – from the very beginning a woman’s role was a non-role in the scheme of things. In her book Nabar writes that from the earliest times, the gender –distinction was operative in several respects. Women were denied education and knowledge of the scriptures. They were kept under a veil of ignorance. Secrecy as regards knowledge clearly meant that women had no part in any sort of policy or rule making. Nor were they in a position to question man made strictures or argue against a position with any strength of convictions. (nabar, p. 65.) Since a woman was declared unfit for independence, the question of her being equipped in the way men were with intellectual training did not arise. Amidst all these strictures and restrictions, there was one thing that set Mrinal free. She used to write poetry. This was her inner sanctum, her independent identity and her closely guarded secret, which set her free from being a mere housewife in a restrictive, orthodox, Bengali middle class household at ‘Number 27, Makhan Boral Lane’. Writing poetry was Mrinal’s only means of claiming agency, of letting her imagination cast its magic glow over an otherwise monotonous life of drudgery and toil. Writing was her freedom, her only way of defying the societal ‘vidhinishedha’ that held her captive. Mrinal remembered how her daughter had died immediately after being born and how the English physician who attended upon her had been surprised and irritated upon seeing the deplorable living conditions of the women’s quarters and the unhygienic condition of the nursery. In this context, Mrinal commented that neglect was like the ashes which hid the embers beneath and did not let the heat permeate outside. Also, continual erosion of women’s sense of self- respect over a period of time , owing to the mal-treatment they received at their in-laws’ hands, made them indifferent to neglect and caused no new pain. So, Mrinal wrote, ‘women felt ashamed even to feel sad…If it was the destiny of women to suffer at the hands of society, then it was better to let them wallow in neglect; love or caring merely increased the pain caused by neglect.’[Tagore, p.639 My translation.] The woman’s situation was marginal in her husband’s home; she was forever an alien and an outsider and it was man-made laws and social strictures that made her so. Some lines form a poem by Vrinda Nabar best expresses the situation of the Indian wife: ‘We’ve got a daughter we’re willing to sell His is the bargain, the profit as well: ……………………………………….. She’ll…produce brat after brat, Forget all her youth as she spins out her life In waddling behind him, a good Indian wife.’ (Nabar, p. 97-98.)
YOU ARE READING
The Wife's Letter
RandomTagore's famous short story, 'Streer Patra', highlights the suffering, ignominy and neglect that women have to face in a male dominated society. Although set in late nineteenth century Kolkata, Tagore's story has releva...