Unit 1: Energy
Unit 2: Electricity
Unit 3: Particle Model of Matter
Unit 4: Atomic Structure
Unit 5: Forces
Unit 6: Waves
Unit 7: Electromagnetism
Unit 8: Space
Bonds between molecules are either broken or formed. As particles heat up, they vibrate and so bond will be broken - for example, melting and boiling. As particles cool down, bonds will be formed - for example freezing.
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Bonds between molecules are either broken or formed. As particles heat up, they vibrate and so bond will be broken - for example, melting and boiling. As particles cool down, bonds will be formed - for example freezing.
Solid - all particles are close together. It has a fixed volume and mass. Liquid - some bonds are broken, but not all. There is fixed volume, but not mass. Gas - all bonds are broken. There is no fixed volume or mass. Internal energy is the total kinetic and potential energy of all the particles in a system. The first law of thermodynamics is that the internal energy is equal to the total head added plus the work done on a system.
Gas Laws
Boyle's Law Pressure - increased Temperature - fixed Volume - increased
Charles' Law Pressure - fixed Temperature - increased Volume - increased
Pressure Law Pressure - increased Temperature - increased Volume - fixed
Requires Practicals: Density: irregular object - weigh for the mass - eureka mug - water that spills out is the volume
