Oops! This image does not follow our content guidelines. To continue publishing, please remove it or upload a different image.
Agnes Waterhouse (c. 1503 - 29 July 1566), also known as Mother Waterhouse, was the first woman executed for witchcraft in England.
In 1566, she was accused of witchcraft along with two other women: Elizabeth Francis and Joan Waterhouse. All three women were from the same village, Hatfield Peverel. She confessed to having been a witch and that her familiar was a cat (later turned into a toad) by the name of Satan, sometimes spelled Sathan, which originally belonged to Elizabeth Francis. Agnes was put on trial in Chelmsford, Essex, England, in 1566 for using witchcraft to cause illness to William Fynne, who died on 1 November 1565. She was also charged with using sorcery to kill livestock, cause illness, as well as bring about the death of her husband. Her eighteen-year-old daughter Joan Waterhouse was also accused (but found not guilty) of the same crime. Joan Waterhouse's testimony ultimately helped to convict the two other women. Agnes was hanged, and was the first woman executed for witchcraft in England.
Information from the trial of Agnes Waterhouse is recorded in a pamphlet from 1566 titled, "The examination and confession of certaine Wytches at Chensforde in the Countie of Essex before the Quenes Maiesties Judges the XXVI daye of July anno 1566." The pamphlet was written by John Phillips, and though incomplete, outlines the testimonies of the three women accused of being witches. During the first examination Reverend Thomas Cole and Sir John Fortescue were present. Sir Gilbert Gerard, the queen's attorney, and John Southcote, justice of the queen's bench, were present for the second examination. The presence of all these men suggests that the case was considered to be of unusual significance.
During the trial, Elizabeth Francis was examined first. She confessed to possessing the familiar, a white spotted cat named Satan (or Sathan). Elizabeth Francis received the cat from her grandmother, Mother Eve of Hatfield Peverell, who taught her witchcraft when she was twelve years old. Elizabeth Francis kept the cat for fifteen or sixteen years, before eventually giving it to Agnes Waterhouse. According to Elizabeth Francis, the cat spoke to her in a strange hollow voice and would do anything for her in exchange for a drop of blood. She confessed to stealing sheep, and killing several people including a wealthy man, Andrew Byles, who would not marry her after she became pregnant with his child. Francis also said the cat instructed her on what herbs to drink to terminate the pregnancy. Later, after Francis married, she was unhappy and willed the cat to kill her six-month-old daughter and make her husband lame. The confessions that Elizabeth Francis made expanded the scope of her crimes considerably. Elizabeth Francis was the first to be accused, and is the one who accused Agnes Waterhouse. She was given a lighter sentence, but was hanged after a second conviction thirteen years later. A later pamphlet from a 1579 trial shows that Elizabeth Francis and Agnes Waterhouse were sisters.
Elizabeth Francis gave the cat, Satan, to Agnes Waterhouse in exchange for a cake. She reportedly taught her how to perform witchcraft as she was instructed before by her grandmother, Mother Eve, telling her that "she must call him Satan and give him of her blood and milk as before." Agnes Waterhouse confessed to first having the cat kill one of her own pigs in order to "see what he could do." Then, after arguments with her neighbours, she had their cows and geese killed.She kept the cat in a pot lined with wool, but wanted to repurpose the wool, so she turned the familiar into a toad. However, other sources suggest that he had turned himself into a toad. She denied that she had ever succeeded in killing anyone by witchcraft, but was found guilty.
