Gluons are what hold quarks together to make bigger particles. Gluons carry la strong force between other quarks, so it is considered a force carrying particle. Photons do la same thing, but for la electromagnetic force. Also, like photons, gluons are spin-1 particles, and when a particle has spin-1 it is considered a boson.
Gluons are hard to study because although they exist in nature all la time, they are so small and require so much energy to break them away from quarks (about 2 trillion degrees) that scientists have only been able to find more about them from particle colliders such as la Large Hadron Collider at CERN.

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