Korean Particles (~는/은 and ~를/을)
Most words in a Korean sentence have a particle (a fancy word to say 'something') attached to them. These particles indicate the role of each word in a sentence – that is, specifically which word is the subject or object. Note that there is absolutely no way of translating these particles to English, as we do not use anything like them.
The following are the particles you should know for this lesson:
는 or 은 (Subject)This is placed after a word to indicate that it is the subject of a sentence.
Use 는 when the last letter of the last syllable of the subject is a vowel. For example:
나 = 나는
저 = 저는
Use 은 when the last letter of the last syllable of the subject is a consonant. For example:
집 = 집은
책 = 책은
를 or 을 (Object)This is placed after a word to indicate that is the object of a sentence.Use 를 when the last letter of the last syllable is a vowel. For example:
나 = 나를
저 = 저를
Use을 when the last letter of the last syllable is a consonant. For example:
집 = 집을
책 = 책을
We can now make sentences using the Korean sentence structure and the Korean particles.
1) I speak Korean = I는 Korean을 speak
는 is attached to "I" (the subject)
을 is attached to "Korean" (the object)
2) I like you = I는 you를 like
는 is attached to "I" (the subject)
을 is attached to "you" (the object)
3) I wrote a letter = I는 letter을 wrote
는 is attached to "I" (the subject)
을 is attached to "letter" (the object)
4) I opened the door = I는 door을 opened
는 is attached to "I" (the subject)
을 is attached to "the door" (the object)
5) My mom will make pasta = My mom은 pasta를 will make
은 is attached to "my mom" (the subject)
를 is attached to "pasta" (the object)
I am sure that you will be tempted to start substituting Korean words into those constructions to make real Korean sentences. However, at this point, that is too complicated. The goal of this lesson is to familiarize yourself with thestructure of Korean sentences.
The same could be done for sentences with adjectives. However, remember that sentences with adjectives will not have an object:
1) My girlfriend is pretty: My girlfriend은 is pretty
:"은" is attached to "my girlfriend" (the subject)
2) The movie was scary = The movie는 was scary
:"는" is attached to "the movie" (the subject)
There is one more particle that you should be aware of before we go any further.
