A tissue is a group of cells with similar structure and functions
4 Types of Tissue
1. Epithelium Tissue
2. Connective Tissue
3. Muscular Tissue
4. Nervous Tissue
1. Epithelium Tissue
2 Types:
1. Simple
2. Compound
> Simple [ Has a single layer of cells ]
1. Squamous Epithelium : Found in the lining of Blood Vessel and Alveoli of Lung ; Involve in Diffusion
2. Cuboidal Epithelium : Found in the lining of Kidney Tubules, Glands and Ovaries ; Involve in Secretion, Absorption and Excretion process
3. Columnar Epithelium : Found in the lining of the Stomach and Intestine ; Secrete mucus and absorp digested food
4. Ciliated Epithelium : Found in the lining of Respiratory Tract and Uterine Tube
- Cilia in Respiratory System : Cilia pushes out the mucus towards the throat to be expel out of the body
- Cilia in Uterine Tube : Cilia in uterine tube (fallopian tube) propels ova (eggs) towards the uterus
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> Compound [ Has many layers of cells ]
1. Stratified :
- Location : Found on the Skin and lining of the Mouth, Pharynx and Oesophagus
- Characteristic : Form by deep layer of Columnar cells and Flatter cellstowards the surface
- Functions : Protect underlying structures from wear and tear and superficial cells are rubbed off and are replaced by cells pushed up from deeper layers
2. Transitional :
- Location : Found in organs that are waterproof and has expandable lining ( e.g. bladder and Ureters )
- Characteristic : The surface of the cell is not flattened and its pear-shaped. Its also able to change its shape
- Function : Permits expansion and recoil after expending
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2. Connective Tissue
- Location : Found ALL over the body
- Characteristic : Cells are separated by large amount of intercellular substances called Matrix. Matrix can be soft, semi-solid or rigid
- Functions :
1. Joint together or connect to other tissue of the body.
2. Support body and its structure.
3. Protect underlying organs
8 types of Connective Tissue
1. White fibrous tissue
2. Yellow fibrous tissue
3. Areolar tissue
4. Adipose tissue
5. Blood
6. Lymphoid tissue
7. Cartilage
8. Bone
* [ Only 1-4 are tested ]
1. White fibrous tissue
- Location : Can be found in Ligaments and Tendons
[ *Ligaments : Bind bones together ]
[ *Tendons : Bind muscle to bone ]
- Allow movement without stretching
2. Yellow fibrous tissue
- Location : Bladder, Lungs, Stomach
- Able to stretch and recoil
- Helps to maintain blood pressure around the alveoli in lungs
- Promotes better exhalation
3. Areolar tissue
- Location : Dermis of the skin and beneath epithelial tissue that have an opening to the environment
- Functions :
1. Connect skin to muscle
2. Supports nerve cells and blood vessels
- Consists of many different types of cells :
1. Fibroblasts
2. Various white cells
4. Adipose tissue
- Location : Found in Breast, Buttock and Under Skin
- Characteristic : Made up of fat cell
- Functions :
1. To provide energy
2. Insulate the body
3. Cushions and support underlying structure
4. Give shape to the body
3. Muscular Tissue
3 types of Muscular Tissue :
1. Skeletal muscle
2. Cardiac muscle
3. Smooth muscle
1. Skeletal Muscle
- Also known as ' Striated '
[ *voluntary muscles : it is able to control the muscle's movement ]
- Attached to bones
- Striped and striated appearance
- Involve in movement of skeletal
- Under voluntary control
2. Cardiac Muscle
- Found in : Wall of Heart
- Involuntary control
3. Smooth Muscle
- Found in : Walls of internal organs ; stomach, intestine & blood vessels
- Involuntary control
- Also known as ' Visceral '
4. Nervous tissue
- Also known as ' Neurone '
2 types of Nervous tissue :
1. Neurons ; > Initiate, receive, conduct and transmit information
