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Biology Science 1

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This is just my Biology notes for my studies in school. It might benefit you. If you have any questions or doubts, do comment down! Thank you!

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Digestive System : Accessory Organs

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by ilazafira24

by ilazafira24

*Accessory Digestive Organs

1. Salivary gland

2. Pancreas

3. Liver

4. Gallbladder

Salivary gland

- 3 types of Salivary gland :

1. Parotid gland

2. Sublingual gland > Below the tongue

3. Submadibular gland > Below the jaw

- Function :

1. Moisten and soften food

2. Clean and lubricate mouth

3. Fight infection

4. Saliva mix with food to stimulate taste buds

5. Salivary amylase digest starch to polysaccharides

Pancreas

- Divided into :

1. Head > Fit into the head of the duodenum

2. Body > Central portion

3. Tail > Extend out to the spleen

- Pancreatic duct > Run length of pancreas & join the common bile duct to enter the duodenum

- Exocrine gland > Produce pancreatic juice digestion of nutrients

- Endocrine gland > Produce insulin ( produce glucose in the blood ) hormones

- Contains Bicarbonate and Digestive Enzymes :

1. Amylase > Digest carbohydrates

2. Lipase > Digest fats

3. Protease > Digest proteins

Liver

- Divided into 2 parts :

1. Large right lobe

2. Small left lobe

- Hepatic artery > Carries oxygenated blood to liver

- Portal vein > Carries deoxygenated blood rich in nutrients to liver

- Hepatic vein > Deoxygenated blood from liver to inferior vena cava [ IVC ]

- *Functions :

1. Secretion > Secrete bile ( a watery fluid )

- Helps in absorption of fats and vitamin K

- Stimulate peristalsis in intestine

2.Conversion >

- Convert glucose into glycogen for storage

- Convert protein to glucose for source of energy

- Convert stored fat into a form used by tissue to provide energy

3. Production >

- Produce plasma protein ( e.g. Heparin, Fibrinogen, Albumin )

- Produce Vitamin A

- Produce heat through metabolism

4. Storage >

- Glycogen

- Iron

- Vitamin A

5. Destruction >

- Destroy worn out erythrocytes

- Destroy toxic substances ( e.g. Alcohol, Poisons, Drugs )

Gallbladder

- Function :

1. Store bile from Liver

2. Contract and release bile into duodenum when required

- END -