Biology: Immune System Notes

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Also see Crash Course's other immune system videos in their Anatomy and Physiology playlist for a more in depth understanding

-the immune system helps keep homeostasis by keeping pathogens from harming the body

-antigens are substances that cause an immune response

-pathogens are disease-causing agents

-viruses are disease-causing strands of DNA and RNA surrounded by proteins

   -are spread by infecting healthy cells and using them to reproduce

   -viruses are nonliving

-antibodies are proteins that are used to identify pathogens

   -can bind to a pathogen's membrane proteins

   -can cause pathogens to clump together

   -can weaken a pathogen's membrane

-passive/nonspecific immunity targets all pathogens

   -skin or inflammatory response

-active/specific immunity targets one pathogen at a time

   -uses antibodies

-the skin is the first line of defense against pathogens

   -prevents most pathogens from entering the body

-allergies are an oversensitivity to a normally harmless antigen

-autoimmune diseases are when white blood cells attack healthy cells

-vaccinations are received to prevent an illness(virus)

-antibiotics are received to treat an illness(bacteria)

-diseases like HIV or AIDS weaken the immune system

   -people with HIV or AIDS do not die from these diseases, but from illnesses like the flu

-the rise in temperature from fevers can help fight illnesses by allowing some immune cells to work better

   -this may cause other cells in the body to not work properly

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