하고, (이)랑, 과/와 (,And /With)
와/과/하고/랑 – And (connect two things)
*과/와, ~랑/이랑 and ~하고 can all be used interchangeably to mean “and” in Korean.
*~과/와, ~랑/이랑, and ~하고 are all used to connect nouns and noun phrases. ~과/와, ~랑/이랑, and ~하고 can function like “and” and “with.” However, while ~과/와, ~랑/이랑, and ~하고 have similar meanings, there are some subtle differences between them.
*~하고 is most commonly used in writing and tends to be more formal. If you are simply listing nouns that are unrelated, then ~하고 tends to be used. For example, 우유하고 과자 means “milk and cookies” but the milk is not necessarily with the cookies. However, ~하고 can still mean “with” depending on the context.
*~과/와 is most commonly used in writing. Sometimes it implies a relationship between the nouns it links together. For example, 우유와 과자 can mean “milk and cookies” but more closely translates to “milk with cookies.”
NOUN ENDS VOWEL =와
NOUN ENDS CONSONANT =과
친구 + 와 = 친구와
빵 + 과 = 빵과
•친구와 영화를 보러 갈 거예요.
(I'm going to watch movies with my friend.)
•빵과 우유를 먹었어요.
(I ate bread and milk.)
*랑/이랑 is most commonly used in speech and tends to be more informal. Its meaning tend to be more general and less nuanced.
NOUN ENDS VOWEL = 랑
NOUN ENDS CONSONANT = 이랑
누구 + 랑 = 누구랑
제인 + 이랑 = 제인이랑
•누구랑? (with who?)
•제인이랑 지나 같이 살아요.
(I live with Jane and Gina.)
함께 and 같이 are often used with ~과/와, ~랑/이랑, and ~하고 when ~과/와, ~랑/이랑, and ~하고 mean “with.” 함께 and 같이 mean “together.” 함께 tends to mean “together at once” and is more often used in writing so it sounds more formal. 같이 tends to be used more in speech and does not have the “at once” implication.
•저는 남자친구와 함께 커피를 마시러 커피숖에 갔어요.
(I went with my boyfriend to a coffee shop to drink coffee.)
•오늘 강남하고 신사에 갔습니다.
(I went to Gangnam and Sinsa today.)
•저는 밥이랑 빵 먹는 것을 좋아해요.
(I like eating eating rice and bread.)
•수업일이어서 저는 치구와 같이 공원에 가지 않았어요.
(Because it was a school day, I didn’t go to the park with my friend.)
•말하기하고 듣기는 어려워요.
(Speaking and listening are difficult.)
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