에게/한테 and 에게서/한테서
➡에게, 한테, 께
에게 to (formal/writing)
is usually written (although it is still said in conversation very often)
*아버지는 아들에게 돈을 준다 The father gives money to his son
한테 to (colloquial/spoken)
is usually used in conversation
*나는 학생들한테 한국어를 가르쳤어 I taught Korean to the students
께 to (honorific)
is used when the person you are giving something to requires respect (께 is the honorific form of 에게/한테).
*저는 부장님께 그 사실을 말할 거예요 I will tell that (fact) to my boss
Note that just because you use ~께 doesn’t mean that your sentence needs to end in a polite way. ~께 is used when the person who is being given to is of high importance, regardless of who you are talking to. For example, if I was a teacher, talking to my student, talking about something being given TO the principal, I could say:
*나는 책을 교장선생님께 줬어 I gave the principal a book
Note: 에게, 한테, and 께 indicate that the preceding noun is the indirect object of the action. An indirect object is someone or something that you are doing something to, such as giving a gift to your friend. 에게 and 한테 are casual, however 한테 is used more in speech while 에게 is usually written. 께 is honorific and thus is used for people of higher status than the speaker. 께 does not entail that the verbs in the sentence necessarily need to be conjugated politely. The verb conjugation depends more on the status of who the speaker is speaking to, not who the indirect object is. Lastly, 에게, 한테, and 께 are used for people or animals, not for inanimate objects.
➡에게서, 한테서 and (으)로부터
means FROM someone.
it is used when somebody receives something from somebody.
attached to the person from whom one receives something.
NOTE: The “thing” that is being received doesn’t need to be something physical. It could be something abstract like stories, explanations, or other things.
에게서 & 한테서
attached to the living noun or sentient beings
에게서 used in formal situation
한테서 is more informal than 에게서
can be used in spoken and written
is most frequently used with 배우다, 듣다, 받다, and 빌리다
️NOTE: Cannot be used to indicate that you received something from a non-person.
non person examples are, company, government, agancies, etc..
️Differences:
에게서 and 한테서 have a similar meaning, but can only be used when one receives something from a person.
(으)로부터 can be used to indicate that one receives something from a person or non-person.
Examples:
나는 내 여자친구에게서 편지를 받았어.
I received a letter from my girlfriend
선생님한테서 한국말을 배워요.
I learn Korean from my teacher.
(으)로부터
bit more informal than 에게서
in short 에게서 is the higher form other than the honorific..
use for written
Conditions:
attach 으로부터 if word ends with consonant
attach 로부터 if word ends with vowel and ㄹ
For example:
나는 내 여자친구로부터 편지를 받았어
I received a letter from my girlfriend
(으)로부터 can also be used when receiving something from a non-person thing (a company/the government/etc).
For example:
나는 돈을 정부로부터 받았어
I received money from the government
To summarize..
(으)로부터 can be used to indicate that one receives something from a person or non-person.
에게서 and 한테서 have a similar meaning, but can only be used when one receives something from a person.
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