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Morse code is a character encoding scheme used in telecommunication that encodes text characters as standardized sequences of two different signal durations called dots and dashes or dits and dahs. Morse code is named for Samuel F. B. Morse, an inventor of the telegraph.
The International Morse Code encodes the ISO basic Latin alphabet, some extra Latin letters, the Arabic numerals and a small set of punctuation and procedural signals (prosigns). Each Morse code symbol is formed by a sequence of dots and dashes. The dot duration is the basic unit of time measurement in Morse code transmission. The duration of a dash is three times the duration of a dot. Each dot or dash within a character is followed by period of signal absence, called a space, equal to the dot duration. The letters of a word are separated by a space of duration equal to three dots, and the words are separated by a space equal to seven dots. To increase the efficiency of encoding, Morse code was designed so that the length of each symbol is approximately inverse to the frequency of occurrence in text of the English language character that it represents. Thus the most common letter in English, the letter "E", has the shortest code: a single dot. Because the Morse code elements are specified by proportion rather than specific time durations, the code is usually transmitted at the highest rate that the receiver is capable of decoding. The Morse code transmission rate (speed) is specified in groups per minute, commonly referred to as words per minute.
Morse code is usually transmitted by on-off keying of an information carrying medium such as electric current, radio waves, visible light or sound waves. The current or wave is present during time period of the dot or dash and absent during the time between dots and dashes.
Morse code can be memorized, and Morse code signalling in a form perceptible to the human senses, such as sound waves or visible light, can be directly interpreted by persons trained in the skill.
Because many non-English natural languages use other than the 26 Roman letters, Morse alphabets have been developed for those languages.
In an emergency, Morse code can be generated by improvised methods such as turning a light on and off, tapping on an object or sounding a horn or whistle, making it one of the simplest and most versatile methods of telecommunication. The most common distress signal is SOS – three dots, three dashes, and three dots – internationally recognized by treaty.
"The Morse Code"
*Letters A .- B -... C -.-. D -.. E . F ..-. G --. H .... I .. J .--- K -.- L .-.. M -- N -. O --- P .--. Q --.- R .-. S ... T - U ..- V ...- W .-- X -..- Y -.-- Z --..
Ä .-.- Á .--.- Å .--.- Ch ---- É ..-.. Ñ --.-- Ö ---. Ü ..--
*Punctuation Marks Ampersand [&] .-... Apostrophe ['] .----. At sign [@] .--.-. Bracket, close (parenthesis) [)] -.--.- Bracket, open (parenthesis) [(] -.--. Colon [:] ---... Comma [,] --..-- Equals sign [=] -...- Exclamation mark [!] -.-.-- Full-stop (period) [.] .-.-.- Hyphen [-] -....- Plus sign [+] .-.-. Quotation marks ["] .-..-. Question mark (query) [?] ..--.. Slash [/] -..-.
*Prosign AA, New line .-.- AR, End of message .-.-. AS, Wait .-... BK, Break -...-.- BT, New paragraph -...- CL, Going off the air ("clear") -.-..-.. CT, Start copying -.-.- DO, Change to wabun code -..--- KN, Invite a specific station to transmit -.--. SK, End of transmission (also VA) ...-.- SN, Understood (also VE) ...-. SOS, Distress message ...---...
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