In the fight with the orcs to escape Mirkwood, Kili is shot with a poisoned arrow. Rather than telling anyone, he suffers in silence with it as well as the reality that he is dying. Getting it into his head that his brother and Uncle would be ashamed of him and leave him behind somewhere for his weakness, he decides that he cannot tell anyone what is happening to him. He didn't count on the uncanny observation of a human child who was determined that he wasn't just going to up and die alone.