PART 8

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by ADITIbts311

by ADITIbts311

BACTERIAL RESPIRATION

Bacterial respiration is divided into two types of respiration. They are aerobic respiration and anaerobic respiration. They both too have further two types.. They are

ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION----> Obligate anaerobic respiration--> These type of organisms can only survive in anaerobic conditions. If they are exposed in air or in oxygen, then they won't be able to survive and would die. e.g bacteroides and clostridium species.

----> Facultative aerobic respiration--> It can survive in aerobic conditions. e.g mycobacterium tuberculosis, nocardia asteroids.

AEROBIC RESPIRATION----> Obligate aerobic aerobic respiration--> It can't survive without oxygen and would die without the supply of air. e.g mycobacterium tuberculosis(acid-fast), bacillus(gram-positive), pseudomonas aeruginosa(gram-negative)

----> Facultative anaerobic respiration --> It can survive in the absence of oxygen. e.g

RESPIRATION IS OXIDATION OF CARBOHYDRATES

BACTERIAL NUTRITION

It is further divided into two types. They are

*HETEROTROPHIC NUTRITION: These types of organisms are dependent on other organisms for nutrition. e.g animals.

*AUTOTROPHIC NUTRITION : These type of organism are independent and make their own food. e.g plants. This also is further divided into two types

PHOTOAUTOTROPHS: Nutrition is obtained by light reactions and by the use of natural light.

CHEMOAUTOTROPHS : Nutriton is obtained by chemical reactions and by the use of chemical reactions. This nutrition is divided into two sub-divisions.

ANOXYGENIC: There is no release of oxygen. But they release chemical. e.g green sulphur bacteria(this release sulphur).(scientific name Chlorobic)

OXYGENIC : There is release of oxygen. e.g blue green bacteria(Cyanobacteria)

AUTOTROPHIC NUTRITION: When nitrogen fixing bacteria converts atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia, energy is released. This energy is used by nitrogen fixing bacteria for respiration. All nitrogen fixing bacteria, nitrifying bacteria and denitrifying bacteria are chemo-bacteria.

ALL DISEASE CAUSING BACTERIA ARE HETEROTROPHIC

BACTERIAL REPRODUCTION

This is divided into three types

*BINARY FISSION: Binary fission, asexual reproduction by a separation of the body into two new bodies. In the process of binary fission, an organism duplicates its genetic material, or deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), and then divides into two parts (cytokinesis), with each new organism receiving one copy of DNA.

*ENDOSPORE FORMATION: In unfavorable condition, the bacteria will make duplicate copy of genetic material and cover it with many protective covering which is called endospore. Endospore can survive upto 100s of years. They will germinate when condition gets back to normal and according to their ability to survive.

GENETIC RECOMBINATION:Bacterial recombination is a type of genetic recombination in bacteria characterized by DNA transfer from one organism called donor to another organism as recipient. This process occurs in three main ways:

Transformation, the uptake of exogenous DNA from the surrounding environment.

Transduction, the virus-mediated transfer of DNA between bacteria.

Conjugation, the transfer of DNA from one bacterium to another via cell-to-cell contact.

The final result of conjugation, transduction, and/or transformation is the production of , individuals that carry not only the genes they inherited from their parent cells but also the genes introduced to their genomes by conjugation, transduction, and/or transformation.