Social Studies: Important Notes

Notes 7

Psychology is the scientific study of the mind and behavior. Psychologists are actively involved in studying and understanding mental processes, brain functions, and behavior.

Sociology is a social science that focuses on society, human social behaviour, patterns of social relationships, social interaction, and aspects of culture associated with everyday life.

Anthropology is the study of the origin and development of human societies and cultures. Culture is the learned behavior of people, including their languages, belief systems, social structures, institutions, and material goods.

History is the study of life in society in the past, in all its aspect, in relation to present developments and future hopes. It is the story of man in time, an inquiry into the past based on evidence.

The Tasaday, a small group of people living in the highland of , in the . Before their existence was first reported by anthropological investigators in 1971, the Tasaday, numbering about 25 individuals, apparently had been living a virtually isolated, primitive (incorrectly labeled "Stone Age") existence until they were discovered by nearby settled tribes in 1966. Visiting anthropologists found cave-dwelling food-gatherers whose subsistence was based on the wild yam; other foods included tadpoles, frogs, small fish, crabs, grubs, palm fruit, and wild bananas. The Tasaday were dressed only in loincloths and skirts made of orchid leaves, used only crude stone tools (axes and scrapers) and wooden (fire drills and digging sticks), and had no weapons for hunting or war.

To enjoin all public officers and employees to declare and submit an annual true, detailed and sworn statement of their assets, liabilities and net worth, including disclosure of business interests and financial connections, and to declare to the best of their knowledge their relatives in the government service.

Argumentum ad baculum is the fallacy committed when one makes an appeal to force to bring about the acceptance of a conclusion. (Ex: "Agree with me or I will hit you")

Argumentum ad hominem fallacious argument that attacks not an opponent's beliefs but his motives or character. Argument that shows an opponent's statement to be inconsistent with his other beliefs. (Ex: "All murderers are criminals, but a thief isn't a murderer, and so can't be a criminal." & "Well, you're a thief and a criminal, so there goes your argument.")

Argumentum ad misericordiam or an appeal to pity is a fallacy in which someone tries to win support for an argument or idea by exploiting his or her opponent's feelings of pity or guilt. It is a specific kind of appeal to emotion. (Ex: "You need to pass me in this course, since I'll lose my scholarship if you don't.")

Argumentum ad verecumdiam is an argument from authority, also called an appeal to authority, or argumentum ad verecundiam, is a form of argument in which the opinion of an authority on a topic is used as evidence to support an argument. (Ex: "UFOs are not real, because the great CarlSagan said so.")

Former President Diosdado Macapagal enacted the Agricultural Land Reform Code or the Republic Act No 3844: The Agricultural Land Reform Code, officially designated as Republic Act No. 3844, was an advancement of land reform in the Philippines that was enacted in 1963 under President Diosdado Macapagal.

REPUBLIC ACT NO. 7277. An act providing for the rehabilitation, self-development and self-reliance of disabled persons and their integration into the mainstream of society and for other purposes.

REPUBLIC ACT NO. 7722. Also known as the Higher Education Act of 1994. Pursuant to the said law, the Commission is mandated to undertake steps to promote quality education, and ensure accessibility of education to all, as well as, protect academic freedom for intellectual growth and advancement of learning and research, among others.

REPUBLIC ACT NO. 7796. Also known as the "Technical Education and Skills Development Act of 1994", which was signed into law by President Fidel V. Ramos. Hence, a major thrust of TESDA is the formulation of a comprehensive development plan for middle-level manpower based on the National Technical Education and Skills Development Plan.

REPUBLIC ACT NO. 9163. The National Service Training Program (NSTP) Act of 2001 (R.A. 9163) was enacted in response to public clamor for reforms in the Reserved Officers Training Corps (ROTC) Program. This act affirms that the prime duty of the government shall be to serve and protect its citizens.

Gregoria De Jesus: Gregoria de Jesús y Álvarez, also known by her nickname Oriang, was the founder and vice-president of the women's chapter of the Katipunan of the Philippines. She was also the custodian of the documents and seal of the Katipunan and is considered as the lakambini ng katipunan.

Trinidad Rizal: Trinidad Rizal Mercado y Alonso Realonda, commonly known as Trinidad Rizal, was a Filipina feminist leader and co-founder of the Philippines' first feminist organization, the Asociacion Femenista Filipina. She was the younger sister of Philippine nationalist hero, physician and writer, Dr. José Rizal.

Melchora Aquino: Melchora Aquino de Ramos was a Filipino revolutionary who became known as "Tandang Sora" because of her age during the Philippine Revolution. She was known as the "Grand Woman of the Revolution" and the "Mother of Balintawak" for her contributions.

Delfina Herbosa: Delfina Rizal Herbosa de Natividad was a Filipino renowned for being one of the three women, together with Marcela Agoncillo and her daughter Lorenza, who seamed together the Philippine flag, and for being the niece of the National Hero of the Philippines, José Rizal.