Social Studies: Important Notes

Notes 22

Sultan, Arabic Sulṭān, originally, according to the Qurʾān, moral or spiritual authority; the term later came to denote political or governmental power and from the 11th century was used as a title by Muslim sovereigns.

Datu is the title for chiefs, sovereign princes, and monarchs throughout the Philippine archipelago. Other titles still used today are Lakan (Luzon), Apo in Central and Northern Luzon, Sultan and Rajah, especially in Mindanao, Sulu and Palawan.

Hieroglyphic writing, system that employs characters in the form of pictures. Those individual signs, called hieroglyphs, may be read either as pictures, as symbols for objects, or as symbols for sounds.

The San Agustin Church was the only building left intact after the destruction of Intramuros in WWII. Built between 1587 and 1606, it is the oldest church in the Philippines.

Daimyo were feudal lords who, as leaders of powerful warrior bands, controlled the provinces of Japan from the beginning of the Kamakura period in 1185 to the end of the Edo period in 1868.

Bakufu were governments which ruled Japan from 1185 until 1868. Also called "shogunate", a bakufu was technically limited in authority to the feudal overlord's domains and the men who owed close allegiance to him.

Often called "hara-kiri" in the West, "seppuku" is a form of ritual suicide that originated with Japan's ancient samurai warrior class. The grisly act typically involved stabbing oneself in the belly with a short sword, slicing open the stomach and then turning the blade upwards to ensure a fatal wound.

This Sakoku Edict (Sakoku-rei, 鎖国令) of 1635 was a Japanese decree intended to eliminate foreign influence, enforced by strict government rules and regulations to impose these ideas. It was the third of a series issued by Tokugawa Iemitsu, shōgun of Japan from 1623 to 1651.

Capitalism is an economic system characterized by private ownership of the means of production, especially in the industrial sector. Capitalism depends on the enforcement of private property rights, which provide incentives for investment in and productive use of productive capital.

Near money or quasi-money consists of highly liquid assets which are not cash but can easily be converted into cash.

The prime meridian separates the eastern hemisphere from the western hemisphere. Halfway around the world, at 180 degrees longitude, is the International Date Line. The prime meridian is the line of 0 longitude, the starting point for measuring distance both east and west around the Earth.

The tropics are regions of the Earth that lie roughly in the middle of the globe. The tropics between the latitude lines of the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn.

The international date line is an imaginary line that runs north-south across the Pacific Ocean from the North Pole to the South Pole.

Sec. 12: (1) Any person under investigation for the commission of an offense shall have the right to be informed of his right to remain silent and to have competent and independent counsel preferably of his own choice. These rights cannot be waived except in writing and in the presence of counsel.

A map key or legend is an essential part of the map. It explains what the symbols on the map mean and allows you to make sense of the map.