Social Studies: Important Notes

Notes 14

SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION:

§ The century saw significant advancements in the practice of medicine, mathematics, and physics; the development of biological taxonomy; a new understanding of magnetism and electricity; and the maturation of chemistry as a discipline, which established the foundations of modern chemistry.

§ The Scientific Revolution was a series of events that marked the emergence of modern science during the early modern period, when developments in mathematics, physics, astronomy, biology (including human anatomy) and chemistry transformed the views of society about nature.

Social contract theory, nearly as old as philosophy itself, is the view that persons' moral and/or political obligations are dependent upon a contract or agreement among them to form the society in which they live.

The Enlightenment, a philosophical movement that dominated in Europe during the 18th century, was centered around the idea that reason is the primary source of authority and legitimacy, and advocated such ideals as liberty, progress, tolerance, fraternity, constitutional government, and separation of church and state.

The Cry of Balintawak occurred on August 26, 1896. The Cry, defined as that turning point when the Filipinos finally refused Spanish colonial dominion over the Philippine Islands. With tears in their eyes, the people as one man, pulled out their cedulas and tore them into pieces.

Dr. José Rizal was executed by firing squad by the Spanish colonial government for the crime of rebellion, on Dec. 30, 1896, at Bagumbayan Field in Manila. He wrote to his best friend and confidant, professor Ferdinand Blumentritt, "Tomorrow at seven, I shall be shot; but I am innocent of the crime of rebellion."

Andres Bonifacio was brought to a military court in Maragondon for a pre-trial hearing. On May 5, 1897, the brothers of Bonifacio were charged by the court with treason and sedition. On May 6, 1897, they were sentenced with death penalty. Refusing to recognize the convention, Bonifacio tried to establish his own rebel government. In April 1897 Aguinaldo had Bonifacio arrested and tried for treason; he was executed by a firing squad.

The most significant achievement of Emilio Aguinaldo's Dictatorial Government was the proclamation of Philippine Independence in Kawit, Cavite, on June 12, 1898. The day was declared a national holiday. Thousands of people from the provinces gathered in Kawit to witness the historic event.

The "Boy General" who tried to delay the American advances by making a last stand at Pasong Tirad 153. Gregorio del Pilar 154. Gregorio Del Pilar, as one of the youngest generals in the Revolutionary Army, he was known for the successful assault on the Spanish barracks in the municipality of Paombong, his victory on the first phase Battle of Quingua and his last stand at the Battle of Tirad Pass during the Philippine–American War.

TIRAD PASS TRAITOR: Januario Galut, a Tingguian Igorot, led the 33rd Infantry Regiment of United States Volunteers under Major Peyton March so they could surround and defeat 60 Filipinos led by Gen. Gregorio del Pilar in the Battle of Tirad Pass.

Julian Felipe is one of the most celebrated composer in our history. He was commissioned by Emilio Aguinaldo to compose the Philippine National Anthem "Lupang Hinirang" known before as "Marcha Nacional Filipina" which was played during the declaration of Philippine Independence on June 12, 1898.