Social Studies: Important Notes

Notes 10

Zaibatsu ("financial clique") is a Japanese term referring to industrial and financial vertically integrated business conglomerates in the Empire of Japan, whose influence and size allowed control over significant parts of the Japanese economy from the Meiji period until the end of World War II.

Bushidō is a moral code concerning samurai attitudes, behavior and lifestyle. It is loosely analogous to the European concept of chivalry. There are multiple Bushido types which evolved significantly through history. Contemporary forms of bushido are still used in the social and economic organization of Japan.

Often called "hara-kiri" in the West, "seppuku" is a form of ritual suicide that originated with Japan's ancient samurai warrior class. Seppuku first developed in the 12th century as a means for samurai to achieve an honorable death.

The Hittite chariots fit three soldiers. This allowed one man to drive the chariot and allowed two more to work effectively as soldiers and focus their efforts on warfare. The Hittite used these chariots extremely effectively. One of the ancient cultures most connected to chariots is the Egyptian culture.

THE FLIGHT OF THE HEBREWS FROM EGYPT: Exodus, the liberation of the people of Israel from slavery in Egypt in the 13th century bce, under the leadership of Moses; also, the Old Testament book of the same name.

Homer, (flourished 9th or 8th century BCE?, ? [now in Turkey]), presumed author of the and the . Although these two great poems of have always been attributed to the shadowy figure of Homer, little is known of him beyond the fact that his was the name attached in antiquity by the Greeks themselves to the poems. That there was an epic poet called Homer and that he played the primary part in shaping the Iliad and the Odyssey—so much may be said to be probable. If this assumption is accepted, then Homer must assuredly be one of the greatest of the world's literary artists.

The Spartans were widely considered to have the strongest army and the best soldiers of any city-state in Ancient Greece. All Spartan men trained to become warriors from the day they were born. The Spartan Army fought in a Phalanx formation. The most important piece of equipment to a Spartan was their shield. Spartan warriors known for their professionalism were the best and most feared soldiers of Greece in the fifth century B.C. Their formidable military strength and commitment to guard their land helped Sparta dominate Greece in the fifth century. The Spartans valued discipline, obedience, and courage above all else. Spartan men learned these values at an early age, when they were trained to be soldiers.

Athenians: Athens was the largest and most influential of the Greek city-states. It had many fine buildings and was named after Athena, the goddess of wisdom and warfare. The Athenians invented democracy, a new type of government where every citizen could vote on important issues, such as whether or not to declare war. The Athenians valued education and the arts and believed that educated people made the best citizens.

The Byzantine Empire, also called Byzantium, was the eastern half of the Roman Empire, based at Constantinople (modern-day Istanbul) that continued on after the western half of the empire collapsed. The Byzantine Empire was the longest-lasting medieval power, and its influence continues today, especially in the religion, art, architecture, and law of many Western states, Eastern and Central Europe, and Russia.

SOCIAL STUDIES: is the integrated study of the social sciences and humanities to promote civic competence. Furthermore, Social Studies is the study of people in relation to each other and to their world. It is an issues- focused and inquiry-based interdisciplinary subject that draws upon history, geography, ecology, economics, law, philosophy, political science and other social science disciplines.

The primary purpose of social studies is to help young people make informed and reasoned decisions for the public good as citizens of a culturally diverse, democratic society in an interdependent world.

Interdisciplinarity or interdisciplinary studies involves the combination of two or more into one activity (e.g., a research project). It draws knowledge from several other fields like sociology, anthropology, psychology, economics etc. It is about creating something by thinking across boundaries. It is related to an or an interdisciplinary field, which is an organizational unit that crosses traditional boundaries between or , as new needs and professions emerge. Large teams are usually interdisciplinary, as a or or other project requires the melding of several specialties. However, the term "interdisciplinary" is sometimes confined to academic settings.

Multidisciplinary is combining or involving several academic disciplines or professional specializations in an approach to a topic or problem.

Multiculturalism is a word that describes a society where many different cultures live together. It is the simple fact of cultural diversity. In society when people from different backgrounds link with each other's culture shows the acceptance of each other's culture and background.

Interculturalism involves moving beyond mere passive acceptance of a multicultural fact of multiple cultures effectively existing in a society and instead promotes dialogue and interaction between cultures.

The cohort survival rate is the ratio of the number of students enrolling in a grade this year to the number of students that were in the earlier grade the previous year. This pattern shows the effect of cohort survival from increases in the early grades pushing up enrollment throughout the system over time.

QUALITY EDUCATION: Quality indicators are one of the quality management system (QMS) tools to monitor and control efficiency of the system key segments, while the results collected serve as a basis for implementation of corrective measures and continuous quality improvement. There are several classifications of quality indicators.