Social Studies: Important Notes

Notes 16

Martin Luther King, Jr.

· Is known for his contributions to the American civil rights movement in the 1960s. His most famous work is his "I Have a Dream" speech, delivered in 1963, in which he spoke of his dream of a United States that is void of segregation and racism.

· Was a social activist and Baptist minister who played a key role in the American civil rights movement from the mid-1950s until his assassination in 1968. King sought equality and human rights for African Americans, the economically disadvantaged and all victims of injustice through peaceful protest.

· We admire the dreamer, and rightly so, but Martin Luther King, Jr. was also a realist, one who could look at the difficult truths that also confront us. In a speech at a Michigan high school a month before his death in 1968, King spoke again about his dream: "I can still sing we shall overcome."

The Bell Act, or Philippine Trade Act of 1946 as this law is generally known, required the amendment of the Philippine Constitution so as to allow American citizens and corporations to exploit the natural resources and operate public utilities, which privilege was restricted to Filipino citizens and corporations.

Civil and political rights are a class of rights that protect individuals' freedom from infringement by governments, social organizations and private individuals, and which ensure one's ability to participate in the civil and political life of the society and state without discrimination or repression.

Suffrage may be exercised by all citizens of the Philippines not otherwise disqualified by law, who are at least eighteen years of age, and who shall have resided in the Philippines for at least one year, and in the place wherein they propose to vote, for at least six months immediately preceding the election. Suffrage as conferred by the constitutional provision is not a natural right of the citizens, but a political right intended to enable them to participate in the process of government to assure it derives its powers from the consent of the governed.

The Due Process Clause guarantees "due process of law" before the government may deprive someone of "life, liberty, or property." In other words, the Clause does not prohibit the government from depriving someone of "substantive" rights such as life, liberty, or property; it simply requires that the government follow. In a broad sense, due process is interpreted here as the right to be treated fairly, efficiently and effectively by the administration of justice. The rights to due process place limitations on laws and legal proceedings, in order to guarantee fundamental fairness and justice.

Super Typhoon Haiyan, also known as Super Typhoon Yolanda, made landfall in the Philippines on Nov. 8, 2013, as a Category 5 storm. It laid waste to the Visayas group of islands, the country's central region and home to 17 million people.

Circular reasoning is a logical fallacy in which the reasoner begins with what they are trying to end with. The components of a circular argument are often logically valid because if the premises are true, the conclusion must be true.

The bandwagon fallacy is also sometimes called the appeal to common belief or appeal to the masses because it's all about getting people to do or think something because "everyone else is doing it" or "everything else thinks this." Example: Everyone is going to get the new smart phone when it comes out this weekend.\

The definition of a falsehood is a lie, or is something that is untrue. When it is sunny outside and you say that it is raining, this is an example of a falsehood.