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Napoleonic Wars

The Napoleonic Wars were a series of European wars lasting from 1803 to Napoleon's second abdication of power in 1815

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The Napoleonic Wars were a series of European wars lasting from 1803 to Napoleon's second abdication of power in 1815.

In 1803, in part to raise funds for war, France sold its North American Louisiana Territory to the United States for $15 million, a transaction known as the Louisiana Purchase. Napoleon then returned to war with Britain, Russia and Austria.

In 1805, the British registered an important naval victory against France at the Battle of Trafalgar, which led Napoleon to scrap his plans to invade England. Instead, he set his sights on Austria and Russia, and beat back both militaries in the Battle of Austerlitz.

Other victories soon followed, allowing Napoleon to greatly expand the French empire and paving the way for loyalists to his government to be installed in Holland, Italy, Naples, Sweden, Spain and Westphalia.


In 1812 France was devastated when Napoleon's invasion of Russia turned out to be a colossal failure - and the beginning of the end for Napoleon

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In 1812 France was devastated when Napoleon's invasion of Russia turned out to be a colossal failure - and the beginning of the end for Napoleon.

Hundreds of thousands of soldiers in Napoleon's Grand Army were killed or badly wounded: Out of an original fighting force of some 600,000 men, just 10,000 soldiers were still fit for battle.

News of the defeat reinvigorated Napoleon's enemies, both inside and outside of France. A failed coup was attempted while Napoleon led his charge against Russia, while the British began to advance through French territories.

With international pressure mounting and his government lacking the resources to fight back against his enemies, Napoleon surrendered to allied forces on March 30, 1814.

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