BIOMED
Pathophysiology
Everything be alphabetical here (except for Homeostasis at the bottom) 😘
(& Mental Health, Lmao)
There are a lot of neonatal conditions covered, seen in high level NICU/NCCU Units.
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Table of Contents:
1 | Ageing
2 | Canc...
Australian Anaphylaxis Modules for Certified Completion, available at: https://anaphylaxis.ascia.org.au
Information in these modules are developed by the Australasian Society of Clinical Immunology & Allergy (ASCIA), free and accessible for all.
Modules are community based e-training for first aid. Certificate obtainable by attaining 100% in quizzes. Reattempt-able as necessary.
Information in this following chapter is current as of Tue 27th, Dec, 2022, as per 2021 September training module.
Anaphylaxis e-training Modules:
Module1: Allergy & Anaphylaxis Module 2: Signs, Sx, & actions for allergy & anaphylaxis Module 3: Adrenaline (epinephrine) injectors Module 4: Anaphylaxis Management in the Community Module 5: Final Assessment
Module1: Allergy & Anaphylaxis When the body reacts to an allergen in its environment, this is called an allergy, and results in an immune system response that produces antibodies (immunoglobulins [Ig]), which recognise "harmful" bodies and destroy them.
People with food allergies often have high Immunoglobulin-E (IgE), against the foods they are allergic to, which are thus called IgE-mediated allergies. Therefore, if a person eats a peanut, and the body thinks it is harmful, it sends IgE antibodies to destroy those, to protect itself.
These allergies are often developed while we are babies. We will not have an IgE for a food until we have eaten it, and thereafter, we will decide whether it is harmful or not. If we think it is harmful, we will make IgE antibodies against that. The next time we eat that for, we either have no sx, or we will have an allergic reaction, and IgE antibodies will attach to the food, resulting in allergic sx and an allergy to that food.
Histamine is one chemical involved in allergic reactions, released by mast cells (in gut, airways and skin) when the allergen attaches to the IgE on mast cells. These can help with sx such as rashes, however cannot maintain blood pressure or airways.
Histamine release causes changes in blood vessels allowing blood into tissues leading to welling, leading to reduction in Blood Pressure, as our blood volume is decreased. This causes dizziness/drowsiness.
Airways also constrict, causing wheeze or cough.
Symptoms (Sx)
Sx develop after exposure to the allergen, and vary from old to severe anaphylaxis. Sx also may vary from one allergic reaction to the next.
As mast cells responsible for histamine (and other chemical) release are located in gut, skin and airways, these are the systems that will show sx in anaphylaxis, including the following:
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Anaphylaxis involves the respiratory system, and/or cardiovascular system, with potential for skin and gastrointestinal sx to develop. This is a life threatening MEDICAL EMERGENCY.
