APUSH WORKSHEET CHAP 16
IDENTIFY
1. cotton gin- Invention created by Eli Whitney that allowed for the wide-scale cultivation of short-staple cotton which became the dominant southern crop. The cotton gin helped produce a huge agricultural factory that poured out avalanches of cotton. Cotton gave quick profits so planters bought more land and slaves to cultivate the high profitable cotton.
2. Cotton Kingdom- Term for the South that emphasized its economic dependence on a single staple product and areas in the south where cotton farming developed because of the high demand for cotton: Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana and Texas (partly Florida)
3. "land butchery": the excessive cultivation of Southern farm lands in order to make quick profit, resulted in the destructed in the soil and for many to move West and Northwest
4. Yankee: derisive name made by the Southerners for Northerners, many "true" Southerners were unhappy that their life was controlled by Northern manufacturing and commerce
5. Crackers: derisive name for poor, non slaveholding whites, they were subsistence farmers and lived relatively isolated lives and were also called "hillbillies," "clay eaters," and "white trash"
6. subsistence farming: farming made to provide for the family tending the farm, instead of cash-crops, this type of farming mostly had corn and pigs in order to feed the farmers and did not focus on making a profit
7. Mulattoes- mixed blacks, often from a white planter and a black mistress, many free blacks were mulattoes who were emancipated as children
8. third race- Free blacks in the South that were the object of prejudice in the North: which prohibited them from certain occupations, barred from some Northern states, often in competition with whites for menial jobs. Despised as a "third race" in the South: where they had their own communities, mulattoes, no occupation, and no testifying.
9. Frederick Douglass- Influential writer and one of the most prominent african american figures in the abolitionist movement. Escaped from slavery in Maryland, he was a great thinker and speaker. He also published his own antislavery newspaper called the North Star and wrote an autobiography that was published in 1845.
10. William Lloyd Garrison- Prominent American abolitionist, journalist and social reformer. Editor of radical abolitionist newspaper "The Liberator", and one of the founders of the American Anti-Slavery Society.
11. black ivory: another name for slaves brought over from Africa, the slave trade had already ended but demand for African slaves was so high that countless were smuggled into the South
12. Harriet Beecher Stowe- Wrote Uncle Tom's Cabin, a book about a slave who is treated badly, in 1852. The book persuaded more people, particularly Northerners, to become anti-slavery.
13. slave auction: the open selling of black slaves and occasionally cattle and horses, would often separate families for economic reasons
14. "black belt"- Region of the Deep South with the highest concentration of slaves so called for the incredibly fertile soil; the "Black belt" emerged in the nineteenth century as cotton production became more profitable and slavery expanded South and West
15. Denmark Vessey- Free slave in South Carolina and a mulatto who inspired a group of slaves to seize Charleston, South Carolina in 1822. One of them betrayed him and he and his thirty-seven followers were hung before the revolt started.
16. Nat Turner- Slave in Virginia who started a slave rebellion in 1831 believing he was receiving signs from God. His rebellion was the largest sign of black resistance to slavery in America and led the state legislature of Virginia to a policy that said no one could question slavery.
