APUSH HISTORY
WORKSHEET
CHAPTER 33
IDENTIFY
Brain Trust: a group of experts appointed to advise a government or politician; in FDR's presidency, they were the intellectuals that wrote most of the legislation for the New Deal
Banking Holiday: This day was initiated by President Roosevelt who closed all banks to solve the issues of blank closures. The banks were not allowed to reopen until they were financially stabled.
Hundred Days: This was a special session of democratic Congress in which Roosevelt called to execute his New Deal programs. Congress gave Roosevelt blank check power, passed many progressive goals, and supported public reliability on banks during the depression. This special session lasted about three months which is equivalent to one hundred days.
Three R's: The Three R's (Relief, Recovery, Reform) are the three components of the New Deal. Relief was the effort to helping the ⅓ of the population who struggled the most in the depression by providing them social security and unemployment insurance. Recovery was the effort to restore the economy with multiple programs. Reform was the effort to allow government intervention stabilize the economy by balancing interests between farmers, businessmen, and laborers.
Fireside Chats: This was an informal radio conversation in which Roosevelt had with American citizens to raise their hopes through the depression while he sat by the fireplace. This was his way to communicate with the people on how he would take on the depression.
Glass Steagall Act: This act forbid commercial banks from engaging in excessive speculation and provided for the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation to insure individual deposits of up to $5000 and helped the banking system to be reformed
FDIC: The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation provided insurance to personal banking accounts up to $5,000. This assured people that their money was kept safe and secure.
CCC: In 1933, the Civilian Conservation Corporation relieved young unemployed men by hiring them to work for reforestation programs such as: firefighting, flood control, spawn drainage, etc.
FERA: In 1933, the Federal Emergency Relief Act was one of the most comprehensive measures of the New Deal. This act gave 500 million dollars to support state and local treasuries that had been bankrupt.
Harry Hopkins: A New York social worker who headed the Federal Emergency Relief Administration and Civil Works Administration. He helped grant over 3 billion dollars to the states wages for work projects, and granted thousands of jobs for jobless Americans.
AAA: The Agricultural Adjustment Act restricted agricultural production by paying farmers subsidies to not plant part of their land and to kill off excess livestock. The purpose was to reduce crop surplus so it could effectively raise the value of crops.
HOLC: Home Owners' Loan Corporation, refinanced mortgages on non-farm homes and bolted down the loyalties of middle class, Democratic homeowners
WPA: The Works Progress Administration was a program that helped relieve the unemployed in workplaces such as the theater, literature, entertainment, and art. This was the largest "alphabet" agencies.
Mary McLeod Bethune: Black woman appointed by FDR to head national youth administration; resulted in many blacks deserting the Republican party for the Democratic FDR and his party
Margaret Mead: Mead studied adolescence among Pacific island peoples and used this research to advance bold new ideas about sexuality, gender roles, and intergenerational relationships. She also helped popularize cultural anthropology.
Pearl Buck: American author and novelist who was raised in China by Presbyterian missionary parents, wrote about Chinese peasant life her in novel "The Good Earth" and won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1938
