SIX: Grammar [1]

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ni Limborocker_

ni Limborocker_

We will be using polite or familiar-high form of speech, which is characterized by verb-endings -yo.

WORD ORDER

Korean word order (typically, subject-object-verb) differs from the English (typically, subject-verb-object). Although subject is not always necessary.

Typically, ang word order sa English grammar is subject-verb-object, kaiba sa Korean. Sa Korean kasi, subject-object-verb. Kadalasan pa, hindi na isinasama ang subject kung clear naman sa nag-uusap kung sino ang tinutukoy sa usapan. At lalo na if you are talking about yourself.

In fact, it may sound awkward pa if you repeatedly say 'I' in the beginning of each sentence.

Example:
I came from Australia.
(저는) 호주에서 와써요.
lit: (I-는) Australia-from came.

ARTICLES
Articles are completely absent in Korea. Whether or not the speaker is referring to 'a car', 'the car', or 'cars' is determined by context. A specific thing (indicated by 'the' in English) can be designated by the use of the demonstratives 'this' and 'that', or by possesive abjectives as in 'our school'.

Examples:
이 차.
This car (near the speaker).

그 차.
This car (near the speaker, or one that has been previously mentioned).

저 차.
That car (visible, but away from both listener and speaker).

우리 학교.
Our school.
(lit: we school)

NOUNS
Korean is devoid of feminine, masculine and neuter noun. Even the word for 'he' or 'she' is rarely used.

Plurals
Korean does have a simple way of turning singular nouns into a plural form-by adding -deul (-들) to the noun.
Person/people - 사람
People - 사람들

PRONOUNS
Pronouns are generally not used in Korean, especially in the third person ('he/him', 'she/her' and 'they/them'). Instead the person about whom you are speaking is referred to by their name, their title, or especially their relation to the speaker or listener.

These are some pronouns that are commonly used.

First Person
Singular:
I (pol) - 제
I (inf) - 내
Me (pol) - 저
Me (inf) - 나
Plural:
We/Us - 우리

Second Person
Singular:
You (pol) - 당신
You (inf) - 너
Plural:
You (inf) -너히들

Third Person
Singular:
She/Her/He/Him (pol) - 그분
She/Her (inf) - 그녀
He/Him (inf) - 그
Plural:
They/Them (inf) - 그들

DEMONSTRATIVES
Indicating distance...

Prefixes:
이 : This
Used to indicate something or someone close to the speaker.
This photo. (이 사진)

그 : That
Used to indicate something or someone close to the listener, or something that was previously mentioned.
That cell phone. (그 핸드폰)

저 : That over there
Used to indicate something or someone away from both speaker and listener but still visible.
That restaurant over there. (저식당)

여기 : Here
Indicates place where the speaker is.

거기 : There
Indicates the placewhere the listener is, or place that has been mentioned.

저기 : There (lit: the place over there)