In Italian there are different ways of saying the word 'the' depending on the noun following it.
Masculine
il is used before masculine singular nouns beginning with a consonant.
E.G.
il libro - the book
Lo is used before masculine singular nouns beginning with 'Z', 'S plus a consonant', 'Y', 'GN' or 'PS'.
E.G.
lo student - the student
lo yogurt - the yogurt
lo psicologo - the psychologist
lo gnomo - the gnome
Feminine
L' is used before masculine or feminine singular nouns beginning with a vowel.
E.G.
L'astuccio - the pencil case
La is used before feminine singular nouns beginning with a consonant.
E.G.
La penna - the pen
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how to speak italian
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