Most Basic Korean Particles
1. 은/는 – Topic particles
2. 이/가 – Subject Particles
3. 을/를 – Object particles
4. 에/에서 – In, at
5. 에 – To 에서 – From
6. 에서 – From (Place)부터 – From (Time)까지 – To/till (Place
7. 에게/한테 – To (someone)에게서/한테서 – From (someone)
8. 와/과/하고/랑 – And (connect two things)
9. 나/(이)나 – Either/Or
10. 로/ (으)로 – to/towards(direction)with (tool/method)
11. 의 – of/’s (belongs to)
12. 도 – also/too
* Most Basic Korean Verb Endings *
1. 입니다, 이에요/예요 – Is/am/are
2. 있다 – To have, To exist and 없다 – Not to have, To not exist
3. V + 아요/어요 or ㅂ니다/습니다 – Present tense verb ending
4. V + 았어요/었어요 – Past Tense Verb Ending
5. V + 겠어요 and V + (으)ㄹ 거예요 – Future Tense Ending
6. V + 지 않아요/ 않았어요/않을 거예요 – Negative Verb Endings (Don’t, Didn’t, Won’t)
7. V + 지 못 해요/ 했어요/할 거예요 – Negative Verb Endings (Can’t, Couldn’t, Won’t be able to)
8. 안/못 + Verb안 + V + Ending = Do Not; 못 + V + Ending = Cannot
9. V + 죠/지요 – Isn’t it? (used for confirmation)– 잖아요 – As you know/You know that …..
10. V + 고 있다 – V + ing
11. V + 고 싶다 – Want to V
12. V+ (으)세요/십시오 – Please do.. / Making a Request
13. V + 아/어 보다 – To try doing …
14. V + 아/어 주다 – To do .. for someone
15. Adj+아/어지다 – To become/get …
16. -(으)ㄹ 수 있다/없다 – Can/Can’t
17. -(으)ㄹ까요? – Shall we ..?
18. -(으)ㅂ시다 – Let’s do ..
19. V + 게 됐어요 – Happened to do
20. V + 아야/어야 해요 and V + 아야/어야 돼요have to/ need to/ must Do ..
21. -아도/어도 돼요 (It’s ok to …)(Asking for/granting permission)-(으)면 돼요 (You just have to…), You can just do..(으)려고 하다 Intend/Plan to do something(으)기로 했어요 – Decided to do..
22. Modifiers – V + (으)ㄴ – Past; V + 는 – Present; V + (으)ㄹ – future; Adj. + (으)ㄴ
23. V/Adj + Modifier + 것 같아요- It seems like, looks like
24. -라고/다고/자고/냐고 하다– Indirect Speech
* Most Basic Korean Connectors *
1. V + 고 + V – V + and + Verb
2. V + 지만 – I do V But
3. N 보다 – Than N
4. V + 아서/어서 – And (Sequence), So (Reason)
5. N + 때문에 and V + 기 때문에 – Because, So (Used to express reason)
6. V + (으)니까 – Because, So (Used to express reason but mainly with commands, request or proposals)
7. Adj + (으)ㄴ데 and V + 는데 – but…, Used to express background information
8. V + (으)러 – in order to do .., For doing … (Used with verbs come/go)
9. V + (으)려고 + Verb – To do … in order to do .. (Can be used with any verb)
10. N + 때 and V – (으)ㄹ 때 – At the time of …, When..
11. Time + 동안 – During .., For the duration of ..
12. V + (으)면 – If, When
13. V + 았/었으면 좋겠다 – I hope/wish/desire
14. V+ (으)면서 – While doing ..
15. V + 기 전에 – Before doing …
16. V + (으)ㄴ 후에 – After doing ..
17. N + 에 대해서/대해 + Verb and N + 에 대한 + Noun – About something
18. N + 을/를 위해서/위해 and V + 기 위해서/위해 – In order to do, For the sake of
19. 그리고 – and
20. 그래서 – So
21. 그러면 – Then, In that case
22. 그러니까 – That’s why, For that reason
23. 그러나, 그런데, 그렇지만, 하지만 – But
