• *Rx*= Prescription
• *Hx* = History
• *Dx* = Diagnosis
• *q* = Every
• *qd* = Every day
• *qod* = Every other day
• *qh* = Every Hour
• *S* = without
• *SS* = One & half
• *C* = With
• *SOS* = If needed
• *AC* = Before Meals
• *PC* = After meals
• *BID* = Twice a Day
• *TID* = Thrice a Day
• *QID* = Four times a day
• *OD* = Once a Day
• *BT* = Bed Time
• *hs* = Bed Time
• *BBF* = Before Breakfast
• *BD* = Before Dinner
• *Tw* = Twice a week
• *SQ* = sub cutaneous
• *IM* = Intramuscular
• *ID* = Intradermal
• *IV* = Intravenous
• *Q4H* = (every 4 hours)
• *QOD* = (every other day)
• *HS* = (at bedtime)
• *PRN* = (as needed)
• *PO or "per os"* (by mouth)
• *Mg* = (milligrams)
• *Mcg/ug* = (micrograms)
• *G or Gm* = (grams)
• *1TSF* (Teaspoon) = 5 ml
• *1 Tablespoonful* = 15ml
• *DDx* =differential Diagnosis
• *Tx* = Treatment
• *RTx* = Radiotherapy
• *CTx* = Chemotherapy
• *R/O* = rule out
• *s.p* = status post
• *PMH(x)* = post medical history
• *Px* = Prognosis
• *Ix* = Indication
• *CIx* = contraindication
• *Bx* = biopsy
• *Cx* = complication...
● KNOWLEDGE ABOUT BLOOD ●
1. Which is known as ‘River of Life’?
ー Answer: Blood
2. Blood circulation was discovered by?
ー Answer: William Harvey
3. The total blood volume in an adult?
ー Answer: 5-6 Litres
4. The pH value of Human blood?
ー Answer: 7.35-7.45
5. The normal blood cholesterol level?
ー Answer: 150-250 mg/100 ml
6. The fluid part of blood?
ー Answer: Plasma
7. Plasma protein fibrinogen has an active role in?
ー Answer: Clotting of blood
8. Plasma protein globulins functions as?
ー Answer: Antibodies
9. Plasma proteins maintain the blood pH?
ー Answer: Albumins
10. Biconcave discs shaped blood cell?
ー Answer: RBC (Erythrocytes)
11. Non nucleated blood cell?*
ー Answer: RBC (Erythrocytes)
12. Respiratory pigments present in RBC?
ー Answer: Haemoglobin
13. Red pigment present in RBC?
ー Answer: Haemoglobin
14. RBC produced in the?
ー Answer: Bone marrow
15. Iron containing pigment of Haemoglobin?
ー Answer: Haem
16. Protein containing pigment of Haemoglobin?
ー Answer: Globin
17. Graveyard of RBC?
ー Answer: Spleen
18. Blood bank in the body?
ー Answer: Spleen
19. Life span of RBC?
ー Answer: 120 Days
20. Total count is measured by an instrument known as?
ー Answer: Haemocytometer
21. A decrease in RBC count is known as?
ー Answer: Anemia
22. An increase in RBC count is known as?
ー Answer: Polycythemia
23. A high concentration of bilirubin in the blood causes?
ー Answer: Jaundice
24. The disease resistant blood cell?
ー Answer: WBC (leucocytes)
25. Which WBC is known as soldiers of the body?
ー Answer: Neutrophils
26. Largest WBC?
ー Answer: Monocyes
27. Smallest WBC?
ー Answer: Lymphocytes
28. Antibodies producing WBC?
ー Answer: Lymphocytes
29. Life span of WBC?
ー Answer: 10-15 days
30. Blood cell performs an important role in blood clotting?
ー Answer: Thrombocytes (Platelets)
31. Vessels is called?
ー Answer: Thrombus
32. Anticoagulant present in Blood?
ー Answer: Heparin
33. A hereditary bleeding disease?
ー Answer: Haemophilia
34. Bleeder’s disease?
ー Answer: Haemophilia
35. Christmas disease?
ー Answer: Haemophilia
36. A type of Anemia with sickle shaped RBC?
ー Answer: Sickle cell anemia
37. Viscosity of Blood?
ー Answer: 4.5 to 5.5
38. Instrument used to measure haemoglobin?
ー Answer: Haemoglobinometer
39. Who demonstrated blood groups?
ー Answer: Karl Landsteiner
40. Who demonstrated Rh factor?
ー Answer: Karl Landsteiner
41. Blood group which is called Universal donor?
ー Answer: O
42. Blood group which is called Universal recipient?
ー Answer: AB
43. Blood group is most common among the Asians?
ー Answer: B
● MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY ●
ー Everybody should know the basic functioning of Human Body and its main parts in order to express and explain their ailment to the Doctor and at the same time one should be able to understand the diagnosis expressed by the Doctor in the medical terminology. For easy recognition of the Compounded Words used in the Medical Terminology for naming the disease, Suffixes are added to Prefixes. For this hereunder giving you a few such prefixes for your ready reference and understanding.
PREFIX - MEANINGS
1. Adeno - Glandular
2. An - Not
3. Anti - Against
4. Aorto - Aorta
5. Artho - joint
6. Bleph - Eyelid
7. Broncho - Bronchi
8. Cardio - Heart
9. Cephal - Head
10. Cerebro - Brain
11. Cervico - Cervix
12. Cholecysto - Gall Bladder
13. Coli - Bowel
14. Colpo - Vagina
15. Entero - Intestine
16. Gastro - Stomach
17. Glosso - Tongue
18. Haema - Blood
19. Hepa - Liver
20. Hystero - Uterus
21. Laryngo - Larynx
22. Leuco - White
23. Metro - Uterus
24. Myelo - Spinal cord
25. Myo - Muscle
26. Nephro - Kidney
27. Neuro - Nerve
28. Odonto - Tooth
29. Orchido - Testis
30. Osteo - Bone
31. Oto - Ear
32. Pharyngo - Pharynx
33. Pio - Pus
34. Pneumo - Lung
35. Ren - Kidney
36. Rhin - Nose
37. Spleno - Spleen
38. Thyro - Thyroid Gland
39. Urethro - Urethra
40. Vesico – Bladder
ー Here are the suffixes used in Medical terminology. Check out!
SUFFIX - MEANINGS
1. -aemia : Blood
2. -algia : Pain
3. -derm : skin
4. -dynia : pain
5. -ectomy : removal
6. -Itis : inflammation
7. -lithiasis : Presence of Stone
8. -malacia : softening
9. -oma : tumour
10. -opia : eye
11. -osis : Condition,excess
12. -otomy : incision of
13. -phobia : fear
14. -plasty : surgery
15. -plegia : peralysis
16. -ptosis : falling
17. -rhoea : excessive discharge
18. -rhage : to burst forth
19. -rhythmia : rhythm.
20. -stasis : stoppage of movement
21. -sthenia : weakness
22. -stomy : outlet
23. -tomy : removal
24. -trophy : nourishment
25. -uria : urine
● COMFOUNDED WORDS - MEANINGS ●
1. Anaemia - Deficiency of haemoglobin in the blood
2. Analgesic - Medicine which alleviates pain
3. Arthralgia - Pain in a joint
4. Cephalalgia - Headache
5. Nephralgia - Pain in the kidney
6. Neuralgia - Nerve pain
7. Myalgia - Muscle pain
8. Otalgia - Ear ache
9. Gastralgia - Pain in the stomach
10. Pyoderma - Skin infection with pus formation
11. Leucoderma - Defective skin pigmentaion
12. Hysterodynia - Pain in the uterus
13. Hysterectomy - Excision of the uterus
14. Nephrectomy - Excision of a kidney
15. Adenectomy - Excision of a gland
16. Cholecystectomy - Excision of gall bladder
17. Thyroidectomy - Excision of thyroid gland
18. Arthritis - Inflammation of a joint
19. Bronchitis - Inflammation of the bronchi
20. Carditis - Inflammation of the heart
21. Cervicitis - Inflammation of the cervix
22. Colitis - Inflammation of the colon
23. Colpitis - Inflammation of the vagina
24. Cystitis - Inflammation of the urinary bladder
25. Enteritis - Inflammation of the intestines
26. Gastritis - Inflammation of the stomach
27. Glossitis - Inflammation of the tongue
28. Hepatitis - Inflammation of the liver
29. Laryngitis - Inflammation of the larynx
30. Metritis - Inflammation of the uterus
31. Myelitis - Inflammation of the spinal cord
32. Nephritis - Inflammation of the kidney
33. Pharyngitis - Inflammation of the pharynx
34. Blepharitis - Inflammation of the eyelids
35. Cholelithiasis - Stone in the gall bladder
36. Nephrolithiasis - Stone in the kidney
37. Osteomalacia - Softening of bones through deficiency of calcium or D vitamin
38. Adenoma -Benign tumour of glandular tissue
39. Myoma - Tumour of muscle
40. Diplopia - Double vision
41. Thrombosis - Formation of a blood clot
42. Pyloromyotomy - Incision of pyloric sphincter muscle
43. Hedrophobia - Fear of water (Rabies in humans)
44. Neuroplasty - Surgical repair of nerves
45. Pyloraplasty - Incision of plastic pylorus to widen passage
46. Hemiplegia - Paralysis of one side of the body
47. Nephroptosis - Downward displacement of the kidney
48. Amenorrhoea - Absence of menstrual discharge
49. Dysmenorrhoea - Painful menstruation
50. Leucorrhoea - Whitish vaginal discharge
51. Menorrhoea - Menstrual bleeding
52. Haemorrhage - Escape of blood from a vessel
53. Arrhythmia - Any deviation of normal rhythm of heart
54. Cholestasis - Diminution in the flow of bile
55. Haemostatis - Arrest of bleeding
56. Neurasthenia - Nervous debility
57. Cystostomy - Surgical opening made into the bladder
58. Cystotomy - Incision into the urinary bladder
59. Hypertrophy - Increase in the size of tissues
60. Haematuria - Blood in the urine
61. Glycosuria - Presence of sugar in the urine
62. Albuminuria - Presence of albumin in the urine
