Myers Briggs Through the Lense of an INTJ;)

Cognitive Functions (Explained!)

Extroverted Sensing (Se): The goal is to seek out real-world experiences that are random and fun. People with this function dominant don't necessarily have to enjoy parties stereotypically, but parties would be a natural atmosphere for them since having fun is a strength of theirs. Spontaneous people, the function that gets suppressed is Introverted Intuition, since Se users are more focused on the present moment rather than planning a future with thought.
Introverted Intuition (Ni): Introverted intuition has the goal opposite to extroverted sensing; intuition will find one outcome of a future they want, and will go about making it happen in the most efficient way possible. This can be both good and bad; if you get too caught up in the details the bigger picture will be missed, but if you look too much at the big picture how will you get there? Because this is an intuition function, the way that is gone about setting plans is more abstract. Let's say the plan is to become a lawyer, a politician, a psychologist or even one day work for the government; something powerful and ambitious or even simpler like just becoming a singer or an NBA star.
Ni as a function focuses on one thing, and is dedicated to attaining it. It can be quite dangerous when that goal is revenge, but usually that is not the case. The function that gets suppressed is Se, the fun function. People with Ni in their first slot are often so focused on, shall we say, the 20-year plan for world domination that they forget to enjoy the little things, which can also make, sometimes, mind you, social awkwardness and clarifying details more of a struggle for them.
Introverted Sensing (Si): Introverted sensing is similar to Ni, in that it is also very narrowly focused and can be ambition-driving for some, but unlike Introverted Intuition, Si differs in how it goes about achieving the tunnel-visioned goal. The main goal for Si users is organizing things in the real world; ranging from doing chores, doing homework, working, organizing paperwork, or even organizing someone's life, in some cases. Si is very detailed, organized and structured but with this it is also meticulous and sometimes pushy in methods, however, don't let it get a bad reputation since it is also one of the most reliable and loyal functions.
Rather than having fun in the party like the Se users, Si users will more likely be the ones planning the whole party.
Extroverted Intuition (Ne):
The goal of extroverted intuition is similar to Se that it seeks new experiences and possibilities, on a mission to absorb much new information and to leave things open-ended. However, because it is an Intuition function, this will make it more abstract. Rather than seeking new experiences in the real world, Extroverted Intuitives will seek new experiences in the mind. Such examples might be coming up with wild and abstract theories, ideas or philosophies just for the thrill of it, and that is just one method used to express this desire.
For my preference, Extroverted Intuitives in first or second slots are the coolest of all the Myers Briggs. 😎
In general for the perceiving functions: Si and Ni in the first or second slot means that the way the J types perceive the world is very narrow and close-minded, while Se and Ne, the P types are more relaxed and flexible types. Both have good and bad traits about them, but in case you didn't notice, the Myers Briggs letters is just a code for what cognitive functions it has, but I can't get to that before I explain the judging functions that work together with the perceiving functions showing how the types communicate(judge) how they see the world (what they perceive).
Feeling Judging Functions: Is the Feeling introverted or extroverted?
Extroverted Feeling: Extroverted feeling is focused on making everyone else happy and everyone else to have a good time. It is a very simple goal, and seems like a good thing, at first glance. However, even though these can be one of the most caring and self-sacrificing type, they are group-harmony oriented. If one person does something to disrupt this harmony, they will do anything to maintain it by forcing the rest to change, or forcing you to change to keep the peace.
Introverted Feeling (Fi):
Even though Introverted Feeling might seem more selfish by focusing on themselves feeling good as the main priority, because they are so unique and individual, they respect the individuality and ambitions of others; all they ask is that you return this respect. If not, they can be very patient, but as a downside to their lack of outburst, the tension slowly builds until they either explode or cut you off completely without warning. As long as you don't disrespect their moral compass or disrespect them in general, it can be quite easy to stay in their good graces. These types don't mind standing out, since the need to conform is absent for them.
Sometimes they do strange things on purpose to stand out intentionally, and this need for individuality comes from a need to be unique and different. They dislike being a cookie cutter and probably have the most standards and self-respect of all the types. They don't like being stereotyped or having things done for them, since they are also independent and would rather do things by themselves than having things done for them. They hate being bossed around aggressively and their biggest fear is losing their personality to the whims and desires of others. Te is supposed to be the opposite of Fi, but it seems like Fe is more of the opposite. They are very in tune to what they are feeling and will remove themselves from any situation that makes them feel upset or uncomfortable even if it might hurt or offend others.
Introverted Thinking (Ti):
Similar to Fi, Introverted Thinking is self- focused, independent, and is willing to offend other people if it means saying what is actually the truth. The main goal for Ti is similar to Fi, but rather than being based in feelings and happiness, Introverted Thinking is rooted in facts and logic. You would think then that these types would be more reasonable because of the logic difference between them and Introverted Feelers, but I am sorry to say that this is not the case. Ti is focused about what makes sense to them and being truthful even if it goes against what the experts say. Sometimes this is a bad thing, but experts can make mistakes as well, and it is also good to think and comprehend for yourself it moderation, since maybe they can turn out right later. You would never know if you don't pursue it, and this couldn't resonate more with Introverted Thinkers.
Both Fi and Ti are the functions that stay true to themselves. Some can be selfish, but not all of them. Most are misunderstood because they offend people so frequently as a trade-off for not offending people yet losing who they are or what they believe in. I must say, it is much easier to reason with Ti than with Si, though.
Extroverted Thinking (Te): Extroverted Thinking has the goal of accomplishing tasks in a way that is team-oriented unlike the Ti users who would rather do it by themselves. It can range from group projects, to helping each other build something or even just making an argument and finding external logic sources rather than relying solely on the internal moral or logical compass like the introverted judging types. They are not always stereotypical managers or work-place bosses, but they are the most natural in these environments with the natural tendency to lead people and effortless assertiveness and confidence. They can get a reputation for being bossy, but I'm pretty sure all the types get picked on for their weaknesses at this point. Both Fi and Te will fight for things that they want, using very different tactics from each other, and that will lead back to the cognitive functions.

Thinkers in general get a bad rep for being too cold, and feelers get a bad rep for being too emotional; can anybody win? When you mix thinking or feeling with a sensing or intuition function, they combine to show how the types process information, and then how will they express that information?

First step: Don't make the mistake of stereotyping, because everyone uses everything. What you are looking for is the preference and the pattern of communication style and how the people make decisions. So do they rely more on feeling or thinking? As an example, I will use feeling as my pick for the imaginary person. The imaginary person is a feeler type. Is the feeling internal or external? I will say that it is internal because the person in more focused on self-satisfaction rather than taking care of/babysitting others. Their dominant function is Fi, or Introverted Feeling. Is it in the first function or the second function?? How dominant is the introverted feeling? In this scenario, it is in the second slot because there is a function that they use more often than introverted feeling. Is it a sensing or intuition function? Since they seem more mind-oriented and abstract, I will say it is an intuitive function. Here is the rule for figuring out the first and third slot: if the second function is introverted then the first function has to be extroverted, so the most dominant function is Ne. The third function is the opposite of the second function, so the third function is Te. The third function is sort of inferior, but it can still be used to some degree; it just isn't preferred. The suppressed function, in this case, is Si, the organization function, meaning this is going to be the hardest weakness for the type to harness; it will be the source of the most struggle for the type. In this case, the type I picked was ENFP. If you get their opposite type, ISTJ, their suppressed function would be the type of trying out new things. The ENFP's fear is being limited, while the ISTJ's greatest fear is losing control. It gets quite confusing at first, but once you master the cognitive functions, understanding Myers Briggs becomes easier. Here is the function stacks for the other types: