All proteins and amino acids contain the elements Carbon (C), and Hydrogen (H), oxygen (O), and Nitrogen (N). Some also contain sulphur (S).
Amino Acids:
There are about 20 different types of amino acids, which occur naturally in proteins, all with the same general structure.
Structure of an Amino acid: (R - Variant group)
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Formation of a dipeptide:
Condensation Reaction- water is produced
A peptide bond is formed in between a dipeptide
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Types of Proteins:Globular proteins:EnzymesTransport – haemoglobinSignal – hormonesContractile – actin and myosin in musclesDefensive proteins - antibodiesStructural proteins:
Keratin – nails and hooves
Collagen - tendons
Hydrolysis Reaction:
As with Carbohydrates, water and enzymes are needed. The enzymes needed is Protease.
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POLYPEPTIDES
Amino acids are the basic monomer, which combine to make a polymer called a polypeptide. Many(hundreds of) amino acids (monomers) join together in a process called polymerisation to form a polypeptidechain (polymer).
