ㄹ/을 수 있다 (can/to be)
ㄹ/을 수 있다 is used to express the possibility or ability to do something. It has the same meaning as 'can do something'.
We use ㄹ 수 있다 when the stem ends with a vowel, 을 수 있다= eul su issda (are able to) when the the stem ends with a consonant.
보다 =boda (too see)→ 볼 수 있다 = bol su issda (can see)
먹다 =meogda (eat)→ 먹을 수 있다 = meogda eul su issda (edible)
가다 = gada (go)→ 갈 수 있다 = gal su issda (you can go)
열다 = yeolda (open)→ 열 수 있다 = yeol su issda (you can open) (Irregular case)
놀다 = nolda (play)→ 놀 수 있다 = nol su issda (you can play) (Irregular case)
듣다 =deudda (listen)→ 들을 수 있다 = deul eul su issda (you can hear) (Irregular case)
걷다 =geodda (walk)→ 걸을 수 있다 = geol eul su issda (I can walk) (Irregular case)Example sentences:
영어를 잘 할 수 있어요.
yeong-eoleul jal hal su iss-eoyo.
I can speak English.운전 할 수 있어요 ?
unjeon hal su iss-eoyo ?
Can you drive ?일본어 할 수 있어요 ?
ilbon-eo hal su iss-eoyo ?
Can you speak Japanese ?치타는 빨리 달릴 수 있다.
chitaneun ppalli dallil su issda.
A cheetah can run fast.기타 칠 수 있어.
gita chil su iss-eo.
I can play the guitar.같이 갈 수 있어 ?
gat-i gal su iss-eo ?
Can we go together ?ㄹ/을 수 없다 (I can't/ be)
ㄹ/을 수 없다 can be used to say that one “does not have the ability to do something”.
We use ㄹ 수 없다 when the stem ends with a vowel, 을 수 없다 = eul su eobsda (can't be) when the the stem ends with a consonant.
보다 =boda (too see)→ 볼 수 없다 = bol su eobsda (I can't see)
먹다 =meogda (eat)→ 먹을 수 없다 =meog eul su eobsda (can't eat)
가다 = gada (go)→ 갈 수 없다 = gal su eobsda (can't go)
열다 →= yeolda (open) 열 수 없다 = yeol su eobsda (can't open) (Irregular case)
놀다 = nolda (play) → 놀 수 없다 = nol su eobsda (can't play) (Irregular case)
듣다 =deudda (listen)→ 들을 수 없다 = deul-eul su eobsda (can't hear) (Irregular case)
걷다 =geodda (walk)→ 걸을 수 없다 = geol eul su eobsda (can't walk) (Irregular case)Example sentences:
저는 기다릴 수 없습니다.
jeoneun gidalil su eobs-seubnida.
I can't wait.나는 너를 이해할 수가 없어.
naneun neoleul ihaehal suga eobs-eo.
I can't understand you.저 사람은 한국어를 말할 수 없어요.
jeo salam-eun hangug-eoleul malhal su eobs-eoyo.
The person can’t speak Korean.제가 너무 아파서 많이 먹을 수 없어요.
jega neomu apaseo manh-i meog-eul su eobs-eoyo.
I can’t eat much because I am very sick.ㄹ/을 리가 없다 (can't be/ to be)
This grammar pattern can be used to express disbelief, skepticism or doubt. It has the same meaning as ‘it can’t be that ...’ or ‘it is impossible that...’.
Few notes :
1) This pattern (negative form) must be used as a declarative statement and cannot be used as an interrogative statement. To use as an interrogative statement one must use the positive form ㄹ/을 리가 있다 = l/eul liga issda. (Be/Riga)
2) This grammar structure is usually used in the present tense and the past tense, and even when it's referring to a future action, the sentence remains in the present tense.
The basic conjugation rules are:
1) If there is no 받침 = badchim (support) or if the stem ends with a ㄹ 받침 → A/V + ㄹ 리가 없다
2) If there is a 받침 = badchim (support) at the end of the stem → A/V + 을 리가 없다하다 = hada (do)→ 할 리가 없다 = hal liga eobsda ( can't do it)
가다 = gada (go) → 갈 리가 없다 = gal liga eobsda (can't go)
늦다 = neujda (late)→ 늦을 리가 없다 = neuj-eul liga eobsda (can't be late)
먹다 = meogda (eat) → 먹을 리가 없다 = meog-eul liga eobsda (can't be eaten)Example sentences:
경은 씨가 노래를 할 리가 없어요.
gyeong-eun ssiga nolaeleul hal liga eobs-eoyo.
No way that Kyeong-eun is going to sing.그 친구들이 나를 싫어할 리가 없어요.
geu chingudeul-i naleul silh-eohal liga eobs-eoyo.
It is not possible that those friends dislike me.니가 그것을 몰랐을리 없어요.
niga geugeos-eul mollass-eulli eobs-eoyo.
It's hardly possible that you don't know about it.그 사람이 병에 걸렸을리가 없어요.
geu salam-i byeong-e geollyeoss-eulliga eobs-eoyo.
He cannot have been ill.내일이 일요일일 리가 없어
naeil-i il-yoil-il liga eobs-eo
No way that tomorrow is Sunday.안 추울 리가 없어요. 지금 1월이에요.
an chuul liga eobs-eoyo. jigeum 1wol-ineyo.
It’s impossble that it is not cold. It’s January now시험이 쉬울 리가 없어요.
siheom-i swiul liga eobs-eoyo.
It is not possible that the test is easy.
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Korean basic words,Hangul+Trans
De TodoUpdate about learning Korean language, I'm not a teacher or professional at Korean language but I will update about what I've learn