Highlights:
- new chapter
- intellectual disability *mental retardation
- communication disorder revised
- intro of ASD
- ADHD criteria changes
1) Intellectual Disability
a. Deficits in intellectual functions; reasoning, problem solving, abstract thinking, etc.
b. Deficits in adaptive functioning; failure to meet developmental and cultural standards
c. Onset of intellectual and adaptive deficits
d. Classification: mild, moderate, severe, and profound
2) Communication Disorders
- deficits in langauge, speech, and communication
a. Speech Sound Disorder
- production of sounds, articulation, fluency, voice, etc.
- rule out: congenital or acquired condition, cleft palate, cerebral palsy, deafness, traumatic brain injury, etc.
b. Childhood-Onset Fluency Disorder
- stuttering
- inappropriate of individual's age
- characteristics are: sound-syllable repitition, sound prolongation, broken words, silent blocking, circumlocutions, monosyllabic whole-world repetition
- rule out: speech motor or sensory deficit, neurological insult, medical condition
c. Language Disorder
- form, function, and use of conventional systen of symbol; spoken words, sign language, written words, etc.
- reduced vocabulary, limited sentence structure
- rule out: hearing, sensory impairment, motor dysfunction, medical or neurological condition
d. Social (Pragmatic) Communication Disorder - verbal or nonverbal behavior that influences the behavior, ideas, or attitudes of another individual
- can't change communication to match the needs of listener
- difficulties in following rules for conversation
- difficulties in understanding what is explicitly stated and nonliteral meanings of language
- rule out: ASD, intellectual disability, global developmental delay or other mental disorder
3) Autism Spectrum Disorder
- deficits in social communication and interaction
- deficits in social-emotional
- deficits in nonverbal communicative behaviors, no eye contact, lack of facial expressions
- difficulties in imaginative play or making friends
- repetitive motor movements
- insistence of sameness, inflexible adherence to routine or ritualized patterns
- hyper or hyporeactivity
- rule out: intellectual disability
4) Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
- inattention or hyperactivity-impulsitivity
- present prior age 12
- present in two or more settings
- rule out: schizoprenia, psychotic disorder, other mental disorders
a. Inattention (6+ mos.) - lacking pesistence, no focus, disorganized
b. Hyperactivity (6+ mos.) - excessive motor activity
c. Impulsitivity (6+ mos.) - hasty actions, high potential for harm to the individual
5) Specific Learning Disorder
- difficulties in learning and using academic skills
- persisted for at least 6 months
- for age 17 years and older, impairing learning difficulties may be substituted for the standardized assessment
- rule out: intellectual disabilities, uncorrected visual or auditory acuity, other mental or neurological disorders
a. Inaccurate or slow word reading
b. Difficulties in comprehension
c. Difficulties in spelling
d. Diffculties in written expression
e. Difficulties mastering number sense, number facts, or calculation
f. Difficulties in mathematical reasoning
6) Motor Disorders
a. Developmental Coordination Disorder
- difficulties are manifested as clumsiness
- difficulties in acquisition and execution of coordinated motor skills
- rule out: intellectual disability, visual impairment, neurological condition affecting movement
b. Stereotypic Movement Disorder
- repetitive, seemingly driven, purposeless motor behavior (hand shaking, waving, body rocking, head banging, self-biting, hitting own body)
- may result self-injury
-rule out: effects of substance, neurological condition, other neurodevelopmental or mental disorder
c. Tic Disorders
- Tourette Disorder 307.23 (F95.2)
- multiple motor and one or more vocal tics present during the illness
- persisted for more than 1 year since first tic onset
- before age 18 years
- rule out: effects of substance, another medical condition
- with motor tics only, or vocal tics only
7) Other Neurodevelopmental Disorders - other specified vs unspecified options
