Article VIII

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Section 1

All debts contracted and engagements entered into before, during, and after the adoption of The 3rd Constitution shall be valid against the United States under it as under The 1st and 2nd Constitutions.

The validity of the national debt, authorized by law and including debts incurred for payment of pensions and bounties for services in suppressing insurrection or rebellion, shall never be questioned. Neither the federal nor primary-division governments shall assume or pay any debts or obligations incurred in aid of insurrection or rebellion against the nation, or any claim for the loss or emancipation of any slave. All such debts, obligations, and claims shall forever be null, void, and illegal.

The federal government shall never be shut down because of the failure to raise the national debt ceiling, as periodically authorized by Congress. All bills, laws, amendments, rulings, and practices concerning the raising of the ceiling shall forever be null, void, and illegal.

Section 2

This Constitution—and all of the Laws made, Rulings reached, and Treaties made in pursuance thereof—shall be the Supreme Law of the Land. All other laws, rulings, and treaties shall either conform to this constitution or be held null, void, and illegal. All judicial officers shall be bound to uphold these laws, notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this constitution or primary-division laws.

All executive, legislative, and judicial officers shall be bound by oath or affirmation to support this constitution, but no religious test shall ever be a qualification to any office or public trust in the United States, under criminal-felony penalty to be provided by law.

The United States of America, this constitution, and all extensions of them are secular and nonreligious entities. Any conception held to the contrary shall forever be wrong, null, void, and illegal.

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