Iron Age

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The Iron Age was characterized by the widespread use of iron. Iron was not heat quenched, so it was only a tiny bit better than Bronze, though it's availability made it easy to equip every soldier with iron armor and weapons, unlike bronze.
Later in the Iron Age, smiths discovered how to make steel using carbon in the form of coal. Also, they learned during, this age quench hardening, and then tempering, to make the steel bend, but then snap back into place, allowing for much better weapons. Swords became more widespread, and several more types of swordmaking strategies sprung, most famous of which would be Pattern Welding.
Swords became more advanced, as well as popular In Europe and Asia - especially during attacks. In China, single edged cutting weapons became more popular. In Europe, in the 11 century Norman cross guards developed more frequently, and eventually evolved into the classic Arming Sword we know today as the go to "Medieval Knight's Sword"
We know today. Eventually, they have evolved into the carbon steel swords that are common today, and more parts of the world today know of the cultural differences in swords around the world.

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