1. Nominal Predicates
Sample Dialogue ©:
Ano yung nominal predicate? It's the predicate of a sentence that describes the subject by identifying it with another noun (e.g., "I am a student.") For verbs and adjectives, we learned that there are base forms and stems. We thus get base forms,
"가다" for "to go" and "싸다" for "to be cheap", etc. Ang english verb na "to be" ay walang korean counterpart, so pano natin sasabihin sa korean ang "I am a student"? Many languages lack the verb "to be" na ginagamit sa mga nominal predicates at adjectival predicates (e.g., "I am tall.").
so pano nga yon?
sa mga languages na walang verb na "to be", gumagamit sila ng tinatawag na "copula". In korean, that copula is "-이다". "-이다" is of course the base form, na kailangan pang i-conjugate para magamit sa mga actual sentences. Hence, "학생이다" ("to be a student"); "구름이다" ("to be clouds").
tanda nyo yung nasa previous lesson, na ang "요" at "세요" ay may iba pang cases. introduction lang yung mga nasa previous lesson. here's the real thing kaya pakiintindi po, okay? i'm not good at explaining stuff, hahaha
1) Mid-polite suffix -아/어요
Verbs and adjectives that we practiced with for -요 suffix in the previous lesson have something in common: they all have the stem ending in vowel without any patch'im (tanda nyo pa kung ano ang patch'im? patch'im=final consonant) followed ('가다', '자다', '싸다', etc.) Those whose stems end otherwise, should take either -아요 or -어요. The last vowel of the stem decides which of the two to take. Once again, the vowel harmony principle (tanda nyo pa ba 'to?) ('yang with yang; yin with yin') applies:
If the stem has a yang vowel at the last syllable, use -아요;If the stem has a yin or neutral vowel at the last syllable, use -어요.
In fact, 가다 → 가요 is a contraction [가 + -아요 → (가아요) parang yung nasa previous lesson.
Kakaiba naman ang mga -하다 verbs and adjectives. For them, -여요 is assumed instead of -아요. This may sound quite overwhelming, but -하다 words are in fact easier. All the -하다 stems with no exception appear as -해요. (e.g., 일하다→일혀요→일해요 ; diretso -해요 na lang agad para madali)
2) High-polite suffix -(으)세요
Although not so complicated as -아/어요, this suffix also has its own rules:
If the stem ends without a patch'im, use -세요;
If the stem ends with a patch'im, use -으세요.
"오영균이에요"
Finally, we arrive the detailed structure of "안녕하세요. XXX(name)이에요." Since personal names are the same as nouns, we use the nominal-predicate copula, -이다. In order to make it into a real sentence, we need to add either -아요 or -어요 in place of the base-form making -다 after -이-. For 이 is a neutral vowel, -어요 is added. -이어요 had gone through a certain phonological change in modern Seoul speakers' speech, and ended in -이에요. Mas mainam nang gamitin ang -이에요 in cases like these.
오영균 이다 →오영균 이 + -어요 → 오영균이에요 "I am Oh Young Kyun."
Similarly,
학생: 학생이에요 "I am / You are a student" or "He/She is a student"
기차: 기차이에요 "It's a train."
There are two forms to spell this -이에요: -예요 and -이에요. As far as we're concerned, okay na ang -이에요.
hahaha nabawi na ako sa tagal kong hindi nag-update. thank you sa inyo sa pag-iintindi at sa continual support.
pag may mga iko-correct po kayo ire-react or itatanong, comment lang po kayo or message me personally. thanks.
kbye. :-*
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Sonstiges- taglish (sinulat ko pa nung jeje days kaya kelangan pa i-edit sensya na) - ongoing - slow updates because im busy with uni Credits to: Prime Korean by Johnson Park