Learn Korean (eng) (grammar & voc)

vocabulary + to have

ITS ME I'M BACK!!!!! well sorry for not posting...I'll try harder...so I had to devide this into 2 chapters because it's really really big...well, hope you like it❤❤

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some nouns:

나라 = country
가방 = bag, backpack
창문 = window
잡지 = magazine
방 = room
냉장고 = refrigerator
개 = dog
강아지 = puppy
고양이 = cat
쥐 = rat
펜 = pen
전화기 = phone
커피 = coffee
식당 = restaurant
건물 = building
텔레비전 = television
미국 = USA
캐나다 = Canada
호텔 = hotel
학교 = school
은행 = bank

Verbs :

있다 = to have
있다 = to be at a location

Adverbs

안 = inside
위 = on top
밑 = below
옆 = beside
뒤 = behind
앞 = in front
여기 = here

In the previous chapter you learned about simple Korean particles. To review, you learned that:
는 or 은 are used to indicate the subject (or main person/thing) in a sentence.
를 or 을 are used to indicate the object in a sentence.
For example, in this sentence:
“I ate a hamburger”
            ↘“I” is the subject of the sentence
                 “Hamburger” is the object
                 “Eat” is the verb
In this Lesson, you will learn about the particles 이/가 and specifically how it can
compare with 는/은 . In all situations, 이 is attached to nouns in which the last letter is
a consonant (like 은) and 가 is attached to nouns in which the last letter is a vowel
(like 는). For example:
🔹  책 ends in a consonant (ㄱ), so “이” is added: "책이."
🔹  소파 ends in a vowel (ㅏ), so “가” is added: "소파가."
But, in what situations should we use 이/가? Before we get to that, I would like to teach
you how to use the word “있다” in sentences. Let’s get started :

있다: To have

The word “있다” has many meanings. To a beginner of Korean, we can simplify and
generalize these meanings into two forms or usages:

있다 = to have
있다 = to be at a location

Let’s talk about the first usage, “to have.” In English, “to have” is a verb that can act on
an object. For example:

I have a pen
I have a car

This usage of 있다 in Korean is an adjective. This is hard for a learner to wrap their head around. At this point, this is important to you for one reason.
You learned in previous chapters that sentences with adjectives cannot act on an object.  you cannot have a word with the particle 을/를 attached to it if the predicating word in a sentence is an adjective (because 을/를 indicates an object in a sentence). If this weren’t the case, we could do the following to make the sentence “I have a pen:”

I 는 pen 을 있다
나는 + 펜을 + 있다
나는 펜을 있다 = I have a pen

However, the sentence above is incorrect.
있다 is an adjective and cannot act on an
object like this. Therefore, the use of 을 on “펜” is incorrect. To get around this, we can attach 이/가 to the object instead of 을/를 in sentences with 있다. This is one usage of
the particle 이/가;
that is, to indicate the thing that a person “has” in sentences with “있다.”
Look at the following example sentences: