Learn Korean (eng) (grammar & voc)

Irregulars - intro

Nouns:

눈썹 = eyebrow
교사 = teacher
반 = class of students in school
직장 = location of work
벽 = wall
털 = hair (not on head)/fur
머리카락 = hair (on head)
저녁 = dinner, evening
점심 = lunch, noonish
옷 = clothes

Verbs:

찾다 = to search for, to find
공부하다 = to study
가르치다 = to teach
일하다 = to work
짓다 = to build
가지다 = to own, to possess
잠그다 = to lock
잊다 = to forget
돕다 = to help
주다 = to give
맞다 = to be correct

Adjectives:

쉽다 = to be easy
덥다 = to be hot
그립다 = to miss (a thing)
귀엽다 = to be cute
춥다 = to be cold
어렵다 = to be difficult
더럽다 = to be dirty
바쁘다 = to be busy
같다 = to be the same
안전하다 = to be safe
딱딱하다 = to be hard, to be rigid
부드럽다 = to be soft
가능하다 = to be possible
불가능하다 = to be impossible

Adverbs and Other Words:

일찍 = early
오전 = morning
오후 = afternoon
매일 = everyday
여름 = summer
가을 = fall
겨울 = winter
봄 = spring

Irregulars

As with all languages, there are some irregular conjugations that you need to know. Irregulars are applied to certain verbs or adjectives when adding something to the stem of the word. Korean grammar is based on these "additions" that are added to stems.There are hundreds of additions that you can add to the stem of a verb or adjective. Some of these are conjugations and some of them are grammatical principles that have meaning in a sentence. You have learned about some of these additions now. For example:

ㄴ/는다 ➡ to conjugate to the plain form
아/어요 ➡ to conjugate to the informal high respect form
ㅂ/습니다 ➡ to conjugate to the formal high respect form
았/었어 ➡ to conjugate to the informal low respect form in the past tense
ㄴ/은 ➡ added to an adjective to describe an upcoming noun

You will learn about many more of these additions. For example, some of them are:

ㄴ/은 후에 ➡ to mean "after"
기 전에 ➡ to mean "before"
기 때문에 ➡ to mean "because"
아/어서 ➡ to mean "because"
(으)면 ➡ to mean "when"
아/어야 하다 ➡ to mean "one must"
아/어서는 안 되다 ➡ to mean "one should not"

Notice that some of these additions start with a vowel, and some of them start with a consonant. Most of the irregulars are applied when adding a vowel to a stem.
Let's look at one example before I introduce each irregular one by one. Let's say we want to conjugate the word "어렵다" into the past tense using the informal low respect form.
The following would happen:

어렵다 + 았/었어 = 어려웠어

Here, you can see that the actual stem of the word changed. This is referred to as the "ㅂ irregular" because the same phenomenon happens with many (but not all) words whose stem ends in "ㅂ".
As I mentioned previously, most of these irregulars are applied when adding a vowel to a stem.

아/어요
았/었어
았/었어요
았/었습니다
았/었다

As such, this lesson will present the Korean irregulars and how they change as a result of adding these conjugations.
later when you learn about other additions, you can apply what you learned in this lesson to those concepts. For now, let's get started.

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