Learn Korean (eng) (grammar & voc)

이 / 가 - Subject marker

You have learned that 이/가 can be attached to nouns in sentences to indicate the object
that a person “has.”
이/가 can also be used to indicate the subject of a sentence, similar to 는/은. What’s the difference?. It's really confusing...Unfortunately, you will see 이/가 used in almost every sentence..this absolutely needs to be described early. Let’s get started.

이/가 as a Subject Marker

One of the most difficult things for a new learner of Korean to understand is the
difference between the particles 는/은 and 이/가. Earlier in this chapter, you learned
that you should use 이/가 on the object that a person “has” when using “있다.”
In addition to this, there are more functions of 이/가 that you should know about.
In previous chapters, you learned that you should add 는/은 to the subject of the sentence. To use an example using the grammar taught earlier in the previous chapter, you could say:

고양이는 집 뒤에 있다 = The cat is behind the house
(고양이는 집 뒤에 있어 / 고양이는 집 뒤에 있어요)

In this sentence, notice that the particle 는/은 indicates that the “cat” is the subject.
However the sentence above could also be written like this:

고양이가 집 뒤에 있다 = The cat is behind the house
(고양이가 집 뒤에 있어 / 고양이가 집 뒤에 있어요)

The two sentences could have exactly the same meaning and feeling. I emphasize “could” because in some situations the meaning of the two sentences is exactly the same, but in other situations the meaning of two sentences can be subtly different. This entirely depends on the situation of the conversation (what was said before, how it was said, etc…).
The reason why they could be identical:

고양이는 집 뒤에 있다 = The cat is behind the house
고양이가 집 뒤에 있다 = The cat is behind the house

이/가, like 는/은 is added to the subject of the sentence. In some situations, there is no
difference in meaning or feel between adding 이/가 or 는/은 to the subject.
The reason why they could be subtly different:

🔹는/은 has a role of indicating that something is being compared with something else.
🔹The noun that “는/은” is added to is being compared. In this example:

고양이는 집 뒤에 있다 = The cat is behind the house

The speaker is saying that the cat is behind the house (in comparison to something else
that is not behind the house). The difficulty here is that there is only one sentence; which gives the listener no context to understand what “the cat” is being compared with.
However, if I were to make up a context that fits into this situation, it could be that

“The dog is in the house, and, the cat is behind the house.”

However, saying:

고양이가 집 뒤에 있다 = The cat is behind the house

…is simply stating a fact, and “the cat” is not being compared to anything.
Another example:

커피가 냉장고에 있다 = The coffee is in the fridge
        ↘ (This sentence is simply stating that
the coffee is in the fridge, and there is no intention of comparison)

커피는 냉장고에 있다 = The coffee is in the fridge
          ↘(This sentence could simply be
stating that the coffee is in the fridge. It is also possible that the speaker is trying to
distinguish between the location of another object. For example, perhaps the tea is on the table, but the coffee is in the fridge).

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You also might be wondering why “안” isn’t used if we are indicating that the coffee is in the fridge. In cases like this, where the location being described happens to be “inside” of something, “안” can be omitted. You can see the similarities of using “안” and not using it in the following English and Korean sentences:

커피가 냉장고에 있다 = The coffee is in the fridge
커피가 냉장고 안에 있다 = The coffee is inside the fridge

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

In both pairs of examples (using 는/은 or 이/가), the translation does not change by
altering the subject particle.
Rather, the only thing that changes is the subtle feeling or nuance that something is being compared.
Note that this “comparative” function of 는/은 can be used in much more complicated
sentences, and can be attached to other grammatical principles – neither of which you have learned yet.

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well ye...this is it...hope you enjoy it..
'see' you soon I hope.....
사랑해요 ❤❤

-Lia