For those who want to learn korean!!!
(info colected from several apps/books to make it as full and organized as possible)(all the credit to that apps/books)
You learned earlier that you must add ㄴ/는다 to a verb stem in order to conjugate it to the present tense. In order to conjugate an adjective to the present tense you don’t need to do anything! Just leave the adjective as it is, and it is conjugated in the present tense.
그 선생님은 아름답다 = that teacher is beautiful 그 길은 길다 = that street is long 나의 손은 크다 = my hand is big
Past tense
In order to conjugate adjectives to the past tense, you must follow the same rule as when you conjugate verbs to the past tense. This rule, again, is:
You must add 았다 or 었다 to the stem of a word. 았다 is added to words with the last vowel being ㅗ or ㅏ, and 었다 is added to words with the last vowel being anything but ㅏ or ㅗ. For example:
그 길은 길었다 = That street was long (길 + 었다) 그 음식은 맛있었다 = That food was delicious (맛있 + 었다) 그 선생님은 좋았다 = That teacher was good (좋 + 았다) 그 식당이 오래되었다 = That restaurant is old
The meaning of “오래되다” is not “old” in a bad, negative sense. Rather, it is indicating that something has existed for a long time, and now it is “old.” A more appropriate way to indicate that something is “old and decrepit” is to use the word “낡다”… not to be confused with the word “늙다”, which refers to an “old” person. This is a little bit complicated for you now, but although 었다 is attached to 되 to make “되었다”, this can be contracted. Teaching this is not the focus of this lesson, so don’t worry about this for now. You will learn more about 되다 in the future. While 되다 is commonly used and conjugated as a verb, in this case, 오래되다 is an adjective. Which means that [in addition to other ways it will change when used with other grammatical principles], ㄴ can be added to it to describe a noun. For example:
우리는 오래된 집에 갔다 = We went to the old house
As with verbs, if the final letter of a verb/adjective stem is a vowel, 았다/었다 is merged to the actual stem itself:
이것은 비쌌다 = This was expensive (비싸 + 았다) 그 남자는 잘생겼다 = That man was handsome (잘생기 + 었다) 그 사람은 뚱뚱했다 = That person was fat (뚱뚱하 + 였다)
Future tense
Conjugating adjectives into the future tense is the same as conjugating verbs into the future tense. All you need to do is add 겠다 to the stem of the adjective:
나는 행복하겠다 = I will be happy 그것은 맛있겠다 = That thing will be delicious 나는 배고프겠다 = I will be hungry
In general, not only is this basic form rare in conversation, but Korean people do not use adjectives in the future as often as English speakers.
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Conjugating 있다 and 있다
있다 is one of the most complex and versatile words in Korean. Unfortunately, it is also one of the most common words. It is often very difficult for learners of a language to fully understand some of the most commonly used words in whatever language they are studying. For example, and native English speaker might think that the word “the” is one of the easiest words as it is used so frequently. However, try explaining the meaning and purpose of “the” to a Korean person and you will quickly discover that its usage is very complex. 있다 can be an adjective, or it can be a verb. Whether it is an adjective or a verb depends on its usage. 있다 is an adjective when it is used to indicate that one “has” something. You learned these sentences in Lesson 2:
나는 펜이 있다 = I have a pen 나는 차가 있다 = I have a car 나는 가방이 있다 = I have a bag
Because this 있다 is considered an adjective, we follow the rule for conjugating an adjective to the present tense – which is do nothing and leave the adjective the way it is. So, those three sentences above are perfectly conjugated and grammatically correct. When 있다 is used to indicate that something/someone is “at/in” a location, it is also an adjective. This is also very difficult for an English speaker to wrap their head around. You learned these sentences in Lesson 2:
나는 은행 안에 있다 = I am inside the bank 개는 집 안에 있다 = The dog is in the house 고양이는 의자 밑에 있다 = The cat is under the chair
Again, because this usage of 있다 is considered an adjective, we follow the rule for conjugating an adjective to the present tense – which is do nothing and leave the adjective the way it is.
So, those three sentences above are perfectly conjugated in the plain form and grammatically correct. However, the usage of 있다 is much more complex than just these two meanings. 있다 has many usages. In fact, there are times when 있다 is considered a verb. At this point, your understanding of Korean is not strong enough to see example sentences of 있다 as a verb because you haven’t learned some critical grammatical principles yet. What I want you to take from this is that: 있다 can be a verb – and thus – is conjugated as a verb sometimes.
Therefore, although the example sentences above with 있다 are properly conjugated, there are times when the proper conjugation of 있다 in the “plain form” would be 있는다. 있다 is considered a verb when a person (or animal) is not only “at” a location, but “staying” at a location or in a state for a period of time. The difference between the adjective “있다” (to indicate something/someone is at a location) and the verb “있다” (to indicate that someone stays at a location or in a state) is confusing.
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well that's it for today...i know I took too long to write this and I'm sorry...the next will be faster.. 사랑해요❤❤
