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KOREAN

Non-Fiction

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by SheWasLikeTheMoon

by SheWasLikeTheMoon

Vocabulary

Nouns:

소망 = hope/desire

숙어 = idiom

장례 = funeral

연수 = training for skills

규정 = rules/regulations

무대 = stage (a place to perform)

벌 = punishment (받다/주다)

쪽지 = message (를 보내다)

환불 = refund

Verbs:

외우다 = memorize

저버리다 = back out on plans/promise

모집하다 = recruit

복제하다 = duplicate/replicate

울리다 = to be vibrating

올리다 = a bell ringing

희망하다 = hope/wish

측정(하다) = measurement (measure)

틀다 = turn/turn on

작성하다 =make(list)/fill out/draw/writeup

연기하다 = delay/put off

놀리다 = tease

시행(하다) = enforce/conduct/implement

실시(하다) = enforce/conduct/implement

Passive Verbs:

익숙해지다 = get used to/accustomed to

Adjectives:

공평하다 = fair

엄격하다 =(adj) strict/severe (punishment)

유창하다 = fluent

Adverbs and Other Words:

요새 = these days

알몸 = naked

나체 = naked

For help memorizing these words, try using our Memrise tool.

Introduction

In the previous lesson, you learned about adding ~(으)면 and ~ㄴ/는다면 to verbs/adjectives/이다 in the present tense, but not in the past tense. In this lesson, I will show you how to add these to words conjugated to the past tense, as well as how to say "I would have..."

~(으)면 in the Past Tense

You learned in the previous lesson how to add ~(으)면 to words in the present tense. For example:

내가 가면.... = If/when I go...

내가 먹으면... = If/when I eat...

내가 공부하면... = If/when I study...

If you wanted to say "if I went/ate/studied" you can do that by by adding ~았/었으면 to to the words:

내가 갔으면... = If I went...

내가 먹었으면... = If I ate...

내가 공부했으면... = If I studied...

In the present tense, adding ~(으)면 to verbs/adjectives can create the meaning of both if and when. However, in the past tense, these sentences can only mean "if."

I want to explain a few more things before I start showing example sentences.

~ㄴ/는다면 in the Past Tense

You learned in the previous lesson how to add ~ㄴ/는다면 to verbs/adjectives in the present tense:

내가 간다면... = If I go

내가 먹는다면... = If I eat...

내가 공부한다면... = If I study...

By adding ~았/었다면 to words, you can create this same meaning, but in the past tense. For example:

내가 갔다면... = If I went

내가 먹었다면... = If I ate

내가 공부했다면... = If I studied

There is essentially no difference between:

내가 갔으면... = If I went...

내가 먹었으면... = If I ate

내가 공부했으면... = If I studied

and:

내가 갔다면... = If I went

내가 먹었다면... = If I ate

내가 공부했다면... = If I studied

You could also attach "~았/었더라면" to have this same meaning. For example:

내가 갔더라면... = If I went...

내가 먹었더라면... = If I ate...

내가 공부했더라면... = If I studied...

This is where things get complicated. Usually when the verb/adjective after 'if' is in the past, the later clause ends in "would have..." English examples:

If I studied, I would have passed the test

If I ate, I would have not been hungry

If I met my friend, it would have been fun

Expressing this meaning of "would have" in Korean is done by adding ~았/었/했을 것이다 to the conjugating word in the later clause of the sentence. For example:

내가 공부했더라면 시험을 합격했을 것이다 = If I studied, I would have passed the test

내가 밥을 먹었다면 배고프지 않았을 것이다 = If I ate, I wouldn't have been hungry

친구를 만났으면 재미있었을 것이다 = If I met my friend, it would have been fun

This is one of your first introductions to fairly complex grammar. Knowing that ~았/었/했을 것이다 should following 었/았/했다면 (or its similar counterparts) will get you a ton of looks from Korean speakers, because it will sound so natural to them. Some more examples:

돈을 다 쓰지 않았더라면 그 것을 샀을 거야 = If I didn't spend all my money, I would have bought that

내가 사과를 다 안 먹었다면 너에게 한 개를 줬을 것이다 = If I didn't eat all of my apples, I would have given you one