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KOREAN

Non-Fiction

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by SheWasLikeTheMoon

by SheWasLikeTheMoon

ocabulary

Nouns:

서구문화 = western culture

서구문명 = western civilization

잔디 = grass

경비 = security/guard (not a verb)

경비 아저씨 = security guard

동물 = animal

선 = line

감각 = sense/feeling

한계 = limit (reaching the limit)

고통 = pain

태양 = sun

상처 = wound

Verbs:

내밀다 = stick/stretch smth out of smth*

사인하다 = to sign something

얼다 = freeze

소리 지르다 = shout/scream

마취하다 = to give someone an anesthetic

부분 마취하다 = local anesthetic

로그인하다 = log in

걷(어올리다) = roll up sleeves

장난치다 = joke (or play around)

나타내다 = appear/come in view

통하다 = circulate/move through

참가하다 = sign up

Passive Verbs:

나타나다 = appear/come in view

Adverbs and Other Words:

혹시 = indicates something is unknown*

너머(로/에) = beyond/over*

우선 = first/priority*

Words With *

For help memorizing these words, try using our Memrise tool.

Introduction

This lesson will have two more common grammatical concepts that you need to learn. Two concepts that look very similar (they look like they should be exact opposites of each other), but their meanings aren't connected at all. Let's look at the meaning of "안 :

One doesn't have to: 안 해도 되다

In the previous lesson, you learned about adding ~아/어 야 하다 to the ends of sentences to express the meaning of "One has to...". However, you never learned how to say "One does not have to...", which would be the opposite of "~아/어 야 하다." The reason I waited until this lesson to teach you about this grammatical principle, is because of its similarities (in appearance) to the concept you will learn later in this lesson.

If you add 안 before a verb/adjective, and then add ~아/어도 되다 to the stem of that word, you can create the meaning of "one does not have to." For example:

안 가도 되다 = Don't have to go

안 먹어도 되다 = Don't have to eat

안 공부해도 되다 or 공부를 안 해도 되다 = Don't have to study

These can then be put into sentences where you want to express that you do not have to do something:

저는 밥을 벌써 먹어서 다시 안 먹어도 돼요 = I don't need to eat because I already did

여기에 사인을 안 해도 돼요 = You don't need to sign here

이 음식에 소금을 안 넣어도 돼요 = You don't need to put salt on this food

With this concept as well, the verb before ~아/어도 되다 should not be conjugated, and instead, 되다 should be conjugated to reflect the desired tense. For example:

그 시험을 합격하기 위해 공부를 안 해도 되었다 = I didn't need to study to pass that test

This grammatical principle looks very similar to the concept that will be presented next. However, there meanings are completely different.

May I: ~아/어 도 되다

By doing the exact same thing that was described in the previous section, but by leaving out "안" you can create the meaning of "May I..." in Korean. For example:

제가 일찍 가도 돼요? = May I go early?

When using this grammatical principle, it is more natural to use the particles ~이/가 instead of ~는/은. However, the speaker of these sentences is usually the subject, which means it is common to see the subject omitted when using "~아/어도 되다":

밥을 많이 먹어도 돼요? = May I eat a lot?

화장실에 가도 돼요? = May I go to the bathroom?

Two very easy concepts that you absolutely must know in order to move on in your studying of Korean.