Noun: A noun is basically a word that identifies. It's a person, place, thing, or idea. If you've ever played 20 questions, then a noun is anything you think of in the game. (ex: detective; book; loneliness; etc.)
Verb: A verb is word that describes what a noun does or what happens. Verbs are actions, events, situations, or a change. (ex: flinched; snowing; seems; widened; etc.)
Adjective: An adjective is a word that describes the noun itself, giving extra information about it. (ex: brown hair; a clean room; a funny vine; etc.)
Adverb: An adverb is used to give additional information about a verb or adjective. They can make the meaning of a verb, adjective, or other adverb stronger or weaker, and often appear between the and its verb. (ex: She nearly lost everything; he writes fairly well; he was extremely attractive; etc.)
Pronoun: A pronoun is a substitute for a noun that has already been mentioned by name. They are often used to avoid being too repetitive with the noun's name. (ex: Bridget left early because she was tired; Josh brought the book home with him; That was the only option left; etc.)
Preposition: Prepositions are usually used in front of nouns or pronouns and they show the relationship between the noun or pronoun and other words in a sentence. They describe, for example, the position of something, the time when something happens, or the way in which something is done. (ex: after; in; to; on; with; etc.)
Conjunction: A conjunction (also called a connective) is a word used to connect phrases, clauses, and sentences. (ex: and; because; but; etc.)
Determiner: A determiner is a word that introduces a noun. (ex: a/an; the; every; etc.)
Exclamation: An exclamation (also called an interjection) is a word or phrase that expresses strong emotion, such as, pleasure, or anger. Exclamations often stand on their own, and in writing they are usually followed by an exclamation mark rather than a full stop. (ex: WOW!; OMG!; OWw!; etc.)
Onomatopoeia: An onomatopoeia is the word form of a sound. (ex: oof; ugh; bam; etc.)