Adverb:
1. modifies adjectives (really cute), verbs (extremely fast), and other adverbs (very easily)
2. tells How? When? Where? To what extent?
3. Not is always an adverb.
Adjective:
1. modifies nouns (I have a green pen.) and pronouns (They are very happy.)
2. tells Which one? How many? What kind?
3. articles: a, an, the
Preposition:
1. shows relationship between a noun and some other word in the sentence
2. across, after, against, around, at, before, below, between, by, during, except, for, from, in, of, off, on, over, since, through, to, under, until, with, according to, because of, instead of, etc.
3. We went to school. We went up the stairs.
Conjunction:
1. joins words, phrases, and clauses
2. types -
a) coordinating
1. FANBOYS (for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so)
b) subordinating
1. start dependent clauses (and therefore must be followed by subject and verb)
2. after, since, before, while, because, although, so that, if, when, whenever, as, even though, until, unless, as if, etc.
c) correlative
1. not only/but also, neither/nor, either/or, both/and
Verb:
1. shows action or helps to make a statement
2. types -
a) action
1. shows action
2. She wrote a note.
b) linking
1. links two words together
2. can be linking: is, be, am, are, was, were, been, being, appear, become, feel, grow, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste
3. English is fun. (English = fun) The game is on Saturday. (action)
4. The flower smells pretty. (flower = pretty) The dog smells the flower. (action)
c) helping
1. "helps" an action verb or linking verb
2. If a verb phrase has four verbs, the first three are helping. If it has three verbs, the first two are helping. And so on.
3. can be helping: is, be, am, are, was, were, been, being, will, would, can, could, shall, should, may, might, must, have, has, had, do, does, did, ought
4. We have been taking notes all day. (Taking is action.)
5. She will be cold without a jacket. (Be is linking.)
3. tenses -
a) present
1. happening now (jumping, talking, eating, falling, is falling, am falling)
b) past
1. happened before (jumped, talked, ate, fell, was falling, did fall)
c) future
1. will happen (jump, talk, eat, fall, will fall, is going to fall)
