In the second book, "What's Wrong with the Diet? What is the role of the psyche?" the key role of the psyche in people's eating behavior was revealed. Harmony in the psyche becomes the engine for future changes in the eating behavior of people with...
What we're exploring: What phenomenon happened 25 centuries ago in Ancient Greece?
What's new: How does the modern image of beauty differ from that formed in Ancient Greece?
What we will learn: What does classical art mean and why is it important for us to know it?
1. "It is clear that this kind of understanding of art and the artist has nothing in common with the aesthetics of modern times" (Losev A.F. 2000) [1].
2. Awareness of the phenomenon. Let us turn to the assessment of experts to try to understand the phenomenon that once occurred in Greece in the 5th – 4th centuries BC. Experts in history, philosophy, science, and art called this phenomenon the "invention of civilization." "Invention" – the first word speaks of a holistic scientific approach. The expression "civilization" is understood as a set of achievements in any area of human existence to satisfy all its needs. The scale and epochal significance of the ancient Greek genius have reached our centuries and become the foundation of all Western civilization, including culture.
3. Culture of Western civilization. The expression "civilization" speaks of the totality of achievements in any area of human existence to satisfy all its needs. The scale and epochal significance of the ancient Greek genius reached our centuries and became the foundation for the entire Western civilization [2]. Ratings: "Greek miracle"; "cultural revolution"; "cultural explosion" - they talk about a fundamental change in the historical development of the ancient world, including aesthetics. The event that occurred, and after more than 2,500 years, haunts experts in discussing the incomprehensibility of the event [3]. But what made the level of culture in the perception of beauty so phenomenal?
4. Phenomenal level of perception of beauty. The image of beauty was formed simultaneously under the influence of ancient philosophy, various sciences, and culture. And as the authoritative scholar of antiquity Losev A.F. * believes, modern aesthetics does not have the same understanding of art as in Ancient Greece. And even the Renaissance during its peak period could not achieve this.
• "It is clear that this kind of understanding of art and the artist has nothing in common with the aesthetics of modern times... The Renaissance **, one might say, did not know the organic fusion of all arts and sciences in one human" (author's italics) (Losev A.F. 2000 ) [1].
The phenomenal level of perception of beauty has become a breeding ground for the emergence and development of aesthetic perception of the surrounding world (III fr. 10. 6). It is not for nothing that this period in art was called exemplary by European art critics and historians, or high classics (from the Latin classicus - exemplary).
* Losev A.F. (1893-1988) - philosopher, historian of ancient philosophy and aesthetics.
** Renaissance (from the French Renaissance) Renaissance: a transitional movement in Europe between the Middle Ages and the modern era, beginning in the 14th century in Italy, continuing until the 17th century, and marked by a humanistic revival of classical influence, expressed in the flowering of art and literature and the emergence of modern science [4].
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5. Summary. Greek civilization serves as a model for creating an image of beauty in all its integrity and completeness of forms, colors, and content. The center of education of this kind of aesthetics can safely be called a city with a polis system - Athens *. Therefore, speaking again and again about Ancient Greece, the author will mainly mean the polis of Athens.
Since aesthetics is part of the science of philosophy about art, we will turn to it for the history of the emergence of the image of beauty.
* Polis (Greek), city-state, a special form of socio-economic and geopolitical organization of society, typical of Ancient Greece. The polis was an association of private landowners, as well as citizens engaged in various trades and crafts, who, being full members, had property rights [5].
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Next Chapter: Forming an image of beauty
What we'll explore: How did the ancient Greeks discover true beauty?
What's new: Why was it so important for the Greeks to be in harmony with the cosmos?
What we will learn: What does kalokagathia mean and how to achieve integrity in it?
References
1. A.F. Losev. History of ancient aesthetics. Early Classics/Art. - etching B.V. Bagel. ‒ Kharkiv: Folio; M.: AST Publishing House LLC, 2000. ‒ 624 p. ‒ (The pinnacle of human thought).
2. Bonnard Andre. Greek civilization. T. I. From the Iliad to the Parthenon/Trans. from French O.V.Volkova; Preface prof. V.I.Avdisva. – M.: Art, 1992 – 269 p.
3. Zaitsev A.I. Cultural revolution in Ancient Greece VIII - V centuries. BC / Ed. L.Ya. Zhmudya. 2nd ed., rev. and processed – St. Petersburg: Faculty of Philology of St. Petersburg State University, 2000. – 320 p.
5. Dictionary of Antiquity: Trans. with German; Rep. ed. V. I. Kuzishchin / Comp. Johannes Irmscher et al. with Renate Jone. – M.: Progress, 1989. – 704 p.
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