In the second book, "What's Wrong with the Diet? What is the role of the psyche?" the key role of the psyche in people's eating behavior was revealed. Harmony in the psyche becomes the engine for future changes in the eating behavior of people with...
What we are researching: What position did a citizen woman occupy in the home and the polis?
What is new: What level of development of Kalokagathia could a citizen woman reach?
What we will learn: How was Kalokagathia formed for citizens of the polis?
1. The position of women in ancient society was as much of an ulcer as slavery. A woman excluded from civil life is just like a slave (Bonnard Andre, 1992) [1].
2. What was the status of a woman citizen of Athens? According to the Swiss philologist and Hellenist Bonnard (1888-1959), citizenship for women in the polis-state of Athens was only a formality. According to this status of a woman, the paideia kalokagathia could influence her only within the framework designated by her father, and then her husband. Her father, and then her husband, were practically the highest official for an Athenian woman - an archon *. They respectively ruled in the "polis-state" called the house where she was born, and then where she lived with her husband. This is what modern researchers of ancient Greece think and are convinced of. But what did educated ancient Greeks think about the status of women in the polis-state? How did an educated husband think about the status of his wife in marriage?
* Archon (Greek regent), one of nine annually elected highest officials in Athens. At the head of the city authorities stood the archon-eponym, after whom the year was called. The archon-basileus performed religious functions, for example, during sacrifices and festivals. The archon-polemarch was entrusted with the command of the troops. Questions of jurisdiction were the responsibility of a special college of six archons-thesmothetes. In the 5th century BC, the office of archon, which had been fiercely contested even in the time after Solon, as contributing to the attainment of real power, lost its former political significance due to the strengthening of the role of strategists and the replacement of elections with appointment by lot [2].
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3. The opinion of educated male citizens on the status of women. The author sought to find the best male citizen living in Athens, following the tradition of ancient Kalokagathia. Examining the available sources, the author discovered that a similar attempt was made by Socrates (470-399 BC), according to the historian and philosopher Xenophon (444-356 BC) between 401 and 399 BC. At first, Socrates tried to find a citizen with kalokagathia, paying attention to all the handsome men in Athens. But over time, he realized that the combination of external and internal beauty was a rare phenomenon, and those he found were, in his words, "of a very bad soul." Therefore, Socrates made an effort to find the best man for a balanced assessment of the status of women.
4. Search for the best man.
Socrates:
• "Therefore, I decided to put aside handsome appearance and go in search of someone who is called "fair and good" [kalokagathia, author's ed.]. Hearing that everyone - both men and women, both foreigners and city dwellers - called Ischomachus "fair and good", I decided to try to get to know him" (Xenophon, 1993. Domostroy. VI. 17) [3].
