Here’s a list of individuals known for their significant theories, along with a brief explanation and the date they introduced or developed these ideas:
1. Isaac Newton (1643–1727)
Theory: Laws of Motion and Universal Gravitation
Date: 1687
Explanation: Newton’s Principia Mathematica outlined the three laws of motion and the law of universal gravitation, revolutionizing the understanding of physics and the behavior of objects in motion.2. Charles Darwin (1809–1882)
Theory: Theory of Evolution by Natural SelectionDate: 1859
Explanation: Darwin proposed that species evolve over time through a process of natural selection, where organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and reproduce.3. Sigmund Freud (1856–1939)
Theory: Psychoanalytic TheoryDate: Late 19th century
Explanation: Freud developed theories around the unconscious mind, repression, and the Oedipus complex. He proposed that human behavior is deeply influenced by unconscious desires and childhood experiences.4. Albert Einstein (1879–1955)
Theory: Theory of RelativityDate: 1905 (Special Relativity) and 1915 (General Relativity)
Explanation: Einstein’s theory revolutionized the understanding of space, time, and gravity, proposing that space and time are interwoven and that massive objects cause spacetime to curve, leading to gravity.5. Karl Marx (1818–1883)
Theory: Marxism (Historical Materialism)Date: 1848 (The Communist Manifesto)
Explanation: Marx theorized that human societies develop through class struggle, particularly between the bourgeoisie (owners) and the proletariat (workers). His ideas have been foundational in communist and socialist movements.6. Max Weber (1864–1920)
Theory: Theory of Bureaucracy and RationalizationDate: Early 20th century
Explanation: Weber developed the concept of the bureaucratic system as a key element of modern organizations, emphasizing rational-legal authority and the importance of rules and hierarchy in maintaining order and efficiency.7. John Maynard Keynes (1883–1946)
Theory: Keynesian EconomicsDate: 1936
Explanation: In his General Theory of Employment, Interest, and Money, Keynes argued that governments could stabilize the economy through interventionist policies, including adjusting government spending and interest rates to manage demand.8. Jean Piaget (1896–1980)
Theory: Cognitive Development TheoryDate: 1936
Explanation: Piaget proposed that children go through stages of cognitive development (sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, and formal operational) as they learn to think, reason, and understand the world.9. B.F. Skinner (1904–1990)
Theory: Behaviorism
Date: 1938
Explanation: Skinner's theory of operant conditioning proposed that behavior is influenced by the consequences that follow it, and he developed the concept of reinforcement to explain learning.10. Emile Durkheim (1858–1917)
Theory: Theory of Social Integration and Anomie
Date: Late 19th century
Explanation: Durkheim studied the ways in which societies maintain their coherence and order through shared norms and values. He also introduced the concept of "anomie," a state of normlessness that can lead to social instability.
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BSED Major in Social Studies 2
Non-FictionThese materials provide lecture notes, quizzes, and resources for BSED Social Studies students, covering key topics such as history, geography, economics, and political science. Marjhon Mascardo shares a personal note, reflecting on his college jour...