PNU REVIEWER (SUMMARY) AND FEW TIPS ON HOW TO PASS THE BOARD EXAM (pag binasa nyo po to hndi kayo magsisisi promise)
☺☺😀😙 sana makatulong to sainyo😀
FOUNDATIONS OF EDUCATION
● John Locke 👉 was an English philosopher and physician "Father of Liberalism" ; to form character (mental, physical, and moral) ; Education as Training of the mind/Formal discipline ; Notable ideas - "Tabula rasa"
● Francis Bacon 👉 was an English philosopher, statesman, scientist, jurist, orator and author. "Father of scientific method" "Father of empiricism"
● Jean Jacques Rousseau 👉 was a Francophone Genevan philosopher, writer and composer of the 18th century."Hollistic education"(physical,moral, intellectual)
Notable ideas - moral simplicity of humanity; child centered learning; Famous novel: "Emile" or On Education; Human Development
● Edgar Dale 👉 was an American educator who developed the "Cone of Experience"
aka "Father of Modern Media in Education"
● Erik Erikson 👉 was a German-born American developmental psychologist and psychoanalyst known for his theory on "psychosocial development" of human beings.
● Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi 👉 was a swiss pedagogue and educational reformer who exemplified Romanticism in his approach. "Social regeneration of humanity" Notable ideas: "Four-sphere concept of life" his motto was " Learning by head, hand and heart"
● Friedrich Frobel 👉 was a German pedagogue a student of Pestalozzi who laid the "foundation of modern education" based on the recognition that children have unique needs and capabilities. "Father of kindergarten"
● Johann Herbart 👉 was a German philosopher, psychologist and founder of pedagogy as an academic discipline. ;
● Edward Lee Thorndike 👉 was an American psychologist ; " Father of Modern educational psychology; connectionism; law of effect. ; "Realize the fullest satisfaction of human wants"
PHILOSOPHICAL FOUNDATIONS OF EDUCATION
● IDEALISM 👉 Plato (own ideas) nothing exist except in the mind of a man/ what we want the world to be
● REALISM 👉 Aristotle;Herbart; Comenius; Pestalozzi; Montessori; Hobbes; Bacon; Locke
▶ (experience) fully mastery of knowledge
● BEHAVIORISM 👉 always guided by standards/by procedure; purpose is to modify the behavior
● EXISTENTIALISM 👉 Kierkegaard; Sartre; "Man shapes his being as he lives"
▶Focuses on self/individual
● PRAGMATISM/EXPERIMENTALISM 👉William James; John Dewey - learn from experiences through interaction to the environment
▶Emphasizes the needs and interests of the children
● PERENNIALISM 👉 Robert Hutchins
▶focuses on unchanging/universal truths
● ESSENTIALISM 👉 William Bagley - teaching the basic/essential knowledge
▶ Focuses on basic skills and knowledge
● PROGRESSIVISM 👉 Dewey/Pestalozzi (process of development)
▶focuses on the whole child and the cultivation of individuality
● CONSTRUCTIVISM👉Jean Piaget
▶Focused on how humans make meaning in relation to the interaction b/w their experiences and their ideas. Nature of knowledge w/c represents an epistemological stance.
● SOCIAL RECONSTRUCTIONISM 👉 George Counts - recognized that education was the means of preparing people for creating his new social order
▶highlights social reform as the aim of education
